Page 14 - Color Atlas of Biochemistry

Chemistry 5

A. Orbital hybridization and chemical bonding

S P z P y P x S P z P y P x

sp 3 4 Equivalent sp 2 3 Equivalent
3
2
Hybrid- sp atomic Hybrid- sp atomic
ization orbitals ization orbitals
(tetrahedral) (trigonal)
1a 2a

3
1s Orbital sp Atomic 4 Bonding 5 Bonding
of orbitals σ-molecular σ-molecular
hydro- of orbitals orbitals
gen carbon
atom atom
Bonding
π-molecular
orbitals

C + 4 H CH 4
1b 2b

Methane Hydrogen phosphate Ammonium Alkene Carbonyl Aldimine
Ion compound
H O H R H R R
H C H O P OH H N H C C C O C N

H O H H R' R' H R'
1c 2c

B. Resonance

Formate 1,3-Butadiene Benzene

π-
Molecular
orbitals

H
O H H H C H
Formula C C
H C H C C
C C H
O C C
H H H C H
H

Koolman, Color Atlas of Biochemistry, 2nd edition © 2005 Thieme
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