Page 170 - Color Atlas of Biochemistry

Carbohydrate Metabolism 161

A. Insulin biosynthesis
B cells Preproinsulin 1 Proinsulin 2 Insulin 3
104 AS 84 AS 51 AS

Nucleus
H N
3
4 Zn 2
3
Exo-
1 cytosis
β-Granules
Rough 2
ER Golgi apparatus Signal
peptide C peptide Insulin
4 hexamer
OOC

B. Effects of insulin deficiency

Muscle and Blood Adipose
other insulin- tissue Fat
dependent tissues

Glucose
uptake
impaired

Glucose C Glucose C Glucose Lipolysis

Protein Amino
acids Fatty acids

Proteo- Maximal
lysis
resorption
Hyper- capacity
glycemia exceeded

Glucose

Amino
acids Fatty acids

Hyper-
lipid-
Glyco- Glucose emia
gen

Lipo- Kidney
Fatty proteins
acids
Anions
of ketone
bodies
Urine
Acetyl Ketone
Pyruvate
Liver CoA bodies Glucose
Anions
H
of ketone
Metabolic bodies
Insulin deficiency acidosis
Water
Electrolytes

Koolman, Color Atlas of Biochemistry, 2nd edition © 2005 Thieme
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