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78                                          Chapter 3 Digital Signal Processing





































                     Figure 3.15 Group delay for the third-order digital lowpass filter





           It should be noted that transmission zeros on the unit circle do not affect the group
           delay, and that the group delay is proportional to the sample period. Hence, we
           have




               The group delay can therefore be reduced by increasing the sampling fre-
           quency, but the system has to be adjusted accordingly.


           3.11 TRANSFER FUNCTION


           A behavioral description of an LSI system is the transfer function, which can be
           obtained by applying the z-transform to both sides of Equation (3.11). We get
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