Page 148 - Democracy and the Public Sphere

Notes 143

29. In Britain, ‘Licensing Acts’ during the sixteenth and seventeenth
centuries heavily restricted the development of publishing enterprises
and served as a means of censorship; a system of stamp taxes imposed
upon the press during the eighteenth century and the first half of the

nineteenth century simultaneously restricted legitimate circulation and
encouraged an oppositional underground press; libel and sedition laws

further inflamed controversies over press freedom.
30. Habermas, Structural Transformation, pp. 60–1.
31. Ibid., p. 64.
32. Ibid., pp. 58–9.
33. Ibid., p. 65.
34. Ibid., pp. 66–7.
35. Ibid., pp. 67–71.
36. Ibid., p. 73.
37. Ibid., p. 89.
38. Ibid., pp. 90–1.
39. Ibid., pp. 91–2.
40. Ibid., pp. 93–4.
41. Ibid., p. 94.
42. Ibid., p. 99.
43. Ibid., p. 103.
44. Ibid., pp. 104–6.
45. Ibid., p. 106.
46. Ibid., pp. 109–10.
47. Ibid., p. 111.
48. See J. Habermas, The Inclusion of the Other: Studies in Political Theory, trans.
C. Cronin and P. de Greiff (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1998).
49. Habermas, Structural Transformation, p. 119.
50. Ibid., p. 121.
51. Ibid., pp. 117–22.
52. Ibid., pp. 122–3.
53. K. Marx, ‘A Contribution to the Critique of Hegel’s Philosophy of Right:
Introduction’ [1843 –4] in Early Writings, trans. R. Livingstone and G.
Benton (Harmondsworth: Penguin Books, 1992), pp. 253–4.
54. Habermas, Structural Transformation, pp. 128–9.
55. Ibid., pp. 131–2.
56. Ibid., p. 131.
57. Ibid., p. 133.
58. Ibid., pp. 133–3.
59. Ibid., p. 136.
60. Ibid., p. 140.
61. Ibid., p. 142.
62. Ibid., p. 144.
63. Ibid., p. 146.
64. Ibid., p. 151.
65. Ibid., p. 152.
66. Ibid., pp. 154–5.
67. Ibid., p. 155.
68. Ibid., p. 157.

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