Page 153 - Democracy and the Public Sphere

148 Jürgen Habermas

56. B. Anderson, Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread

of Nationalism (London: Verso, 1991).
57. Peters, ‘Distrust of representation’, p. 565.
58. Ibid., p. 567.
59. M. Warner, ‘The mass public and the mass subject’, in B. Robbins (ed.),
The Phantom Public Sphere (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press,
1993), p. 239.
60. Ibid., p. 242.
61. Ibid., p. 241.
62. Ibid., p. 247.
63. Ibid., p. 247–8.
64. Ibid., p. 241.
65. Ibid., p. 253.
66. Ibid., p. 255.
67. Habermas, ‘Concluding remarks’, p. 466.
68. U. Eco, The Role of the Reader: Explorations in the Semiotics of Texts
(Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1984).

3 RECONFIGURATIONS:
THE PUBLIC SPHERE SINCE STRUCTURAL TRANSFORMATION

1. J. Habermas, Toward a Rational Society: Student Protest, Science and Politics,
trans. J. Shapiro (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1987 [1962]).
2. J. Habermas, ‘The scientisation of politics and public opinion’, in Toward
a Rational Society, p. 68.
3. J. Habermas, ‘The university in a democracy’, in Toward a Rational
Society, p. 6.
4. Habermas, ‘The scientisation of politics and public opinion’, pp. 62–3.
5. See also T. McCarthy, The Critical Theory of Jürgen Habermas (Cambridge:
Polity Press), p. 11.
6. Habermas, ‘The scientisation of politics and public opinion’, pp. 68ff.
7. The popular use of the term ‘pragmatism’ in contemporary political
culture should not be confused with the ‘pragmatistic’ model of politics
discussed by Habermas in Toward a Rational Society. This ‘pragmatism’
rejects the technocratic model and overlaps with Habermas’s own
ideals of a political culture based on the interaction between experts
and a critically debating public concerned with norms as well as facts.
Habermas criticises the pragmatistic model, however, because, as he
puts it, it ‘neglects the specific logical characteristics and the social

preconditions for the reliable translation of scientific information into

the ordinary language of practice and inversely for a translation from
the context of practical questions back into the specialised language of
technical and strategic recommendations ’. ‘The scientisation of politics
and public opinion’, p. 70.
8. T. W. Adorno et al., The Positivist Dispute in German Sociology (London:
Heinemann, 1977 [1969]).
9. Habermas, ‘The university in a democracy’, pp. 6–7.

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