Page 152 - Democracy and the Public Sphere

Notes 147

24. N. Garnham, ‘The media and the public sphere’, in Calhoun (ed.),
Habermas and the Public Sphere, pp. 361–2.
25. Ibid., pp. 362–4.
26. Ibid., pp. 364–5.
27. Fraser, ‘Rethinking the public sphere’, p. 109.
28. Ibid., p. 111.
29. Ibid., p. 117.
30. Ibid., pp. 119 (emphases added).
31. Ibid., p. 120.
32. Ibid., p. 121.
33. Ibid., p. 117.
34. Ibid., p. 122.
35. Ibid., p. 123.
36. Ibid., p. 124.
37. T. Gitlin, ‘Public sphere or public sphericules?’, in T. Liebes and J. Curran
(eds), Media, Ritual, Identity (London: Routledge, 1998), pp. 168–75.
38. Fraser, ‘Rethinking the public sphere’, p. 118.
39. Ibid., pp. 128–9.
40. See S. Benhabib, Situating the Self: Gender, Community and Postmodernism
in Contemporary Ethics, (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1992).
41. Fraser, ‘Rethinking the public sphere’, pp. 129–30.
42. Ibid., p. 130.
43. Ibid., p. 131.
44. R. Pfeufer Kahn, ‘The problem of power in Habermas’, Human Studies,
vol. 11, no. 4 (1988), pp. 375–6.
45. B. Latour, ‘Whose cosmos, which cosmopolitics? Comments on the
peace terms of Ulrich Beck’, <http://www.ensmp.fr/~latour/articles/
article/92-BECK-CK.html> (2004).
46. I do not intend to overstate the match between Latour and Habermas’s
perspectives. Latour actually mounts a more radical critique of liberal
humanism than Habermas (one that merits serious attention) and asks
us to put aside the illusion (at best) or instruction (at worst) that non-
human interests be eliminated from the public sphere. To acknowledge
that the Enlightenment view of humans as emancipated from their
‘gods’ is unrealistic and ethnocentric is one thing. It is quite another to
elucidate the conditions under which communication between human
beings across these cultural and religious zones might actually ensue.
That is where Habermas’s contribution is stronger than Latour’s.
47. J.D. Peters, ‘Distrust of representation: Habermas on the public sphere’,
Media, Culture and Society, vol. 15 (1993).
48. Ibid., p. 562.
49. Ibid., p. 563.
50. Ibid., p. 564.
51. Ibid., p. 566.
52. Ibid., p. 546.
53. R. Sennett, The Fall of Public Man (London: Faber and Faber, 1986
[1977]), p. 270.
54. Ibid., p. 276.
55. Peters, ‘Distrust of representation’, p. 565.

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