Page 432 - Design of Simple and Robust Process Plants

10.3 The Design of High-quality Plants 419
Several reasons can be recognized that lead to the desire to implement work pro-
cesses. Drivers that play a role in the development of work processes are:

. The desire to work with fewer people goes hand in hand with less organiza-
tional layers and more empowerment, but within a well-defined organiza-
tional framework. This is one of the main reasons why work processes are
extensively introduced.
. Logistical spread design work places, where we need to communicate uni-
formly and quickly.
. Automation of project organization requires consistent working methods for
a structural approach.
. Quality processes also demand for structured well-documented approaches.
In industry, as well as in (semi)governmental organizations such as healthcare, all
kinds of work processes are (or have been) developed to improve efficiency of opera-
tion.
Work process formats have been developed among others by Rummler and Brache
(1988, 1995). An organizational map, as used in this report, shows a flow diagram in
table format that shows the steps to follow horizontally, and the functions vertically.
The functions are all represented, from business to operations. The involvement of
a function in a step is shown as solid vertical lines (for an example, see Table 10.1)
A flow-line connects these steps. The initiator for each step is assigned and recog-
nized by the inlet arrow of the step. The main responsible function for a step is
recognized by the position where the flow-line leaves the step. Each step has a
description that defines the objective, the input requirements, and the output of the

Table 10.1. Work process flow chart (example).

Work process flow chart (example)
Step Prel.M & E Prelim. Proc.& Eng Control
Function
Bal.& Equip. Plot plan Optim Strategy
Safety
Project mngt
Process eng.
Detailed eng plot plan
Control eng control design
Manufacturing/
operation
Maintenance
Construction
Econ.eval.
Environmental