Page 11 - Distillation theory

P1: FCH/FFX P2: FCH/FFX QC: FCH/FFX T1: FCH
CB644-FM CB644-Petlyuk-v1 June 15, 2004 4:28

Contents ix

4.2.4. Column Sequence of Ideal Mixtures Reversible Distillation 81
4.2.5. Main Peculiarities of Reversible Distillation Column 82
4.3 Trajectory Bundles of Sharp Reversible Distillation 83
4.3.1. Bundles and Regions of Sharp Reversible Distillation 83
4.3.2. Condition in Tear-Off Points of the Reversible Distillation
Trajectories 86
4.3.3. Possible Product Composition Regions 87
4.3.4. Necessary Condition of Sharp Reversible Distillation 88
4.3.5. Liquid and Vapor Flow Rates Changing along the Reversible
Distillation Trajectories 89
4.4 Diagrams of Three-Component Mixture Reversible Distillation 92
4.4.1. Calculation of Reversible Distillation Trajectories 92
4.4.2. Scanning the Sides of the Concentration Triangle 93
4.5 Trajectories Bundles of Reversible Distillation for
Multicomponent Mixtures 93
4.6 Diagrams of Extractive Reversible Distillation for
Three-Component Mixtures 97
4.6.1. Condition in Tear-Off Points of the Extractive Reversible
Distillation Trajectories 97
4.6.2. Azeotropic Mixtures 99
4.7 Trajectory Bundles of Extractive Reversible Distillation for
Multicomponent Mixtures 100
4.8 Boundaries of Nonsharp Reversible Distillation 102
4.8.1. Three-Component Azeotropic Mixtures 102
4.8.2. Four-Component Azeotropic Mixtures 105
4.9 Conclusion 105
4.10 Questions 105
4.11 Exercises with Software 106
References 106
5. Distillation Trajectories and Conditions of Mixture Separability in
Simple Infinite Columns at Finite Reflux 108
5.1 Introduction 108
5.2 Calculation of Distillation at Minimum Reflux for Ideal Mixtures 111
5.2.1. Underwood System of Equations 112
5.2.2. Evolution of Separation Product Compositions of
One-Section Columns at Set Feed Composition 114
5.2.3. Evolution of Separation Product Compositions of
Two-Section Columns at Set Feed Composition 117
5.3 Trajectory Tear-Off Theory and Necessary Conditions of
Mixture Separability 120
5.3.1. Conditions of Distillation Trajectory Tear-Off at Sharp Splits 120
5.3.2. Trajectory Tear-Off Regions and Sharp Distillation Regions 123
5.3.3. Necessary Condition of Mixture Separability for the Set Split 124
5.4 Structure and Evolution of Section Trajectory Bundles for
Three-Component Mixtures 126
5.4.1. The Product Is a Pure Component (k = 1) 126
5.4.2. The Product Is a Binary Mixture (k = 2) 129
5.4.3. The Product Is a Three-Component Mixture (k = 3) 136
5.4.4. The Product Is Azeotrope 140