Page 14 - Distillation theory

P1: FCH/FFX P2: FCH/FFX QC: FCH/FFX T1: FCH
CB644-FM CB644-Petlyuk-v1 June 15, 2004 4:28

xii Contents

8.2.1. Heuristic Rules of Synthesis 265
8.2.2. Estimation of the Expenditures on Separation 265
8.2.3. Preferability Regions for Ternary Mixtures 267
8.2.4. Systematic Identification of Alternative Sequences 269
8.2.5. Examples of Synthesis of Separation Flowsheets 271
8.3 Thermodynamically Improved and Thermally Integrated
Separation Flowsheets 276
8.3.1. Thermodynamic Losses and Their Decrease 276
8.3.2. Thermally Integrated Separation Flowsheets 279
8.3.3. The Heat Pump 279
8.4 Multicomponent Azeotropic Mixtures: Presynthesis 281
8.4.1. Possible Product Segments at the Edges of Concentration
Simplex 282
8.4.2. Possible Product Regions at the Boundary Elements of
Concentration Simplex 283
8.4.3. Possible Sharp Splits in Columns with One Feed 286
8.4.4. Possible Sharp Splits in Columns with Two Feeds 287
8.4.5. The Most Interesting Splits of Columns with Decanters 288
8.4.6. Examples of Presynthesis 288
8.4.6.1. Example 1: Simple Columns 288
8.4.6.2. Example 1: Extractive Distillation 290
8.4.6.3. Example 2: Simple Columns 292
8.4.6.4. Example 2: Extractive Distillation 299
8.5 Multicomponent Azeotropic Mixtures: Automatic Sequencing
and Selection 300
8.5.1. Selection of Splits 301
8.5.2. Examples of Sequencing and Selection 303
8.5.2.1. Example 1 303
8.5.2.2. Example 2 305
8.6 Binary and Three-Component Azeotropic Mixtures 307
8.6.1. Application of Semisharp Extractive Distillation 307
8.6.2. Application of Pressure Change 308
8.6.3. Choice of Entrainers 309
8.7 Petroleum Mixtures 312
8.7.1. Peculiarities of Petroleum as Raw Material for Separation 312
8.7.2. Methods of Petroleum Separability Increase 312
8.7.3. The Best Distillation Complex for Petroleum Refining 313
8.7.4. Main Succession of Petroleum Refining 314
8.7.5. Modernization of Units for Petroleum Refining 317
8.8 Conclusion 318
8.9 Questions 319
References 320
Short Glossary 325
Index 329