Page 13 - Distillation theory

P1: FCH/FFX P2: FCH/FFX QC: FCH/FFX T1: FCH
CB644-FM CB644-Petlyuk-v1 June 15, 2004 4:28

Contents xi

6.7.2. Petlyuk Columns 197
6.8 Calculation of Minimum Reflux Mode for Distillation Complexes
with Thermal Coupling Flows 200
6.8.1. The Columns with Side Withdrawals of Flows 200
6.8.2. The Columns with Side Strippings 202
6.8.3. The Petlyuk Columns 204
6.9 Distillation Trajectories in Complexes of Heteroazeotropic and
Heteroextractive Distillation 206
6.9.1. Heteroazeotropic Distillation 207
6.9.2. Heteroextractive Distillation 210
6.10 Conclusion 212
6.11 Questions 213
References 213
7. Trajectories of the Finite Columns and Their Design Calculation 218
7.1 Introduction 218
7.2 Distillation Trajectories of Finite Columns: Possible
Compositions in Feed Cross Section 220
7.2.1. Location of Section Trajectories 220
7.2.2. Possible Compositions in Feed Cross Section 223
7.3 Design Calculation of Two-Section Columns 226
7.3.1. Direct and Indirect Splits of Mixtures with Any Number of
Components 226
7.3.2. Intermediate Splits of Mixtures with Any Number of
Components 227
7.3.3. Splits with a Distributed Component 239
7.3.4. Splits with Several Distributed Components: Preferred Split 242
7.3.5. Advantages of New Design Algorithms 243
7.4 Design Calculation of Extractive Distillation Columns 243
7.4.1. Three-Component Azeotropic Mixtures 245
7.4.2. The Multicomponent Mixtures: The Top Product and the
Entrainer Are Pure Components (m r = 1, m e = 2) 246
7.4.3. The Multicomponent Mixtures: The Top Product Is a Binary
Mixture, the Entrainer Is a Pure Component (m r = 2, m e > 2) 247
7.4.4. The Multicomponent Mixtures: The Top Product Is a Pure
Component, the Entrainer Is a Mixture (m r = 1, m e > 2) 247
7.5 Design Calculation of “Petlyuk Columns” and of Columns with
Side Sections 249
7.5.1. Design Calculation of “Petlyuk Columns” 249
7.5.2. Design Calculation of Columns with Side Sections 252
7.6 Determination of Necessary Tray Numbers at Heteroazeotropic
and Heteroextractive Distillation 255
7.7 Conclusion 257
7.8 Questions 259
7.9 Exercises with Software 259
References 260
8. Synthesis of Separation Flowsheets 263
8.1 Introduction 263
8.2 Zeotropic Mixtures 265