Page 396 - Effective Communication Soft Skills Strategies For Success by Nitin Bhatnagar, Mamta Bhatnagar

384 | Model Question Papers

Precise vocabulary and a gentle tone with a firm purpose (with a dash of humour,
if possible) make your communication a delight for your decoder.
Please remember that in good formal writing, a sentence should never begin with ‘and’,
‘but’, ‘for example’, ‘or’, ‘moreover’, et al. These days, with times that are a-changing, such
rules of usage are getting lax, but a good writer prefers not to abandon them.
As practice alone makes man perfect, when it comes to written communication, here
let us look at

Tips for effective writing

• Be direct and explicit. Remember, nobody has the time to unravel the relevance and
significance of your jigsaw puzzles.
• Do not waste too many lines ‘introducing’ your theme.

• Before writing, you should have outlined the entire, structure of your writing. Stick
to it.
• Deal with one relevant issue per paragraph. Don’t cram in too many ideas in a
paragraph.
• Don’t provide too many appendices and/or footnotes. Build all this information into
your writing.
• Your presentation should be effective. The page should present a neat, clean, legible
look.
• Write several versions, if necessary, of your material. Revision helps.
• Copy-edit your writing to avoid spelling, punctuation and grammar mistakes.

11. The sounds of the english language: The English language has 26 letters but 44 sounds.
Therefore obviously some letters must account for more than one sound.
All the 44 sounds are produced by the aggressive pulmonic air stream mechanism.
The air that is moving out of the lungs is modified at several regions in the vocal tract to
produce the different sounds.
There are 20 vowel sounds in English. 12 of them are called monophthongs or pure
vowels where the tongue takes a single position to produce them and the other 8 are
called diphthongs or vowel glides, these are produced when the tongue shifts positions.
There are 24 consonant sounds in the English language.
It is convenient to use the phonetic symbols suggested by the International Phonetic
Association to represent the sounds of speech. Let us first list out the consonant sounds.

English phonetic symbols for consonant sounds
/ π / as in pen
/ β / as in back
/ τ / as in tea

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