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284 Electric Drives and Electromechanical Systems

resources can be accessed, hence the overall architecture is specific to the application,
not to the individual services that may be required. Moving from production-oriented
manufacturing to a service-oriented manufacturing as inspired by cloud computing,
cloud manufacturing, appears to offer further solution to the challenges faced by current
manufacturing processed. As expected security is the major challenge in any networked
computer system, as Cloud Manufacturing is highly reliant on networks, there are
considerable potential security and trust issue that have to be managed and mitigated
(Atlam et al., 2018; Henzel and Herzwurm, 2018).
Cloud manufacturing reflects both the concept of “integration of distributed
resources” and the concept of “distribution of integrated resources” that mirrors NIST’s
definition of cloud computing. Cloud manufacturing can be defined as a model for
enabling ubiquitous, convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of config-
urable manufacturing resources (e.g., manufacturing software tools, manufacturing
equipment, and manufacturing capabilities) that can be rapidly provisioned and released
with minimal management effort or service provider interaction. In Cloud
manufacturing, distributed resources are encapsulated into cloud services and managed
in a centralized way. As clients can use the cloud services according to their
requirements, they can request services ranging from product design, manufacturing,
testing, management across a products life cycle.
It should be noted that the Cloud-based Industrial Internet of Things is a platform
which allows for the intelligent usage of applications, information, and infrastructure in
a cost-effective way. While the IIoT and Cloud computing are different from each other,
their features are almost complementary, as shown in Table 11.2. This complementarity
is the primary reason why many researchers have proposed their integration
(Atlam et al., 2018).

11.3.3 Manufacturing and big data

The advances associated with the Internet, Industrial Internet of Things, big data, cloud
computing, artificial intelligence and other aspects information technologies,

Table 11.2 Comparison between the internet of things and cloud computing.

Industrial internet of things Cloud computing
Characteristics Real world IoT sensors and actuators The virtual resources of the Cloud are
can be located everywhere, available from everywhere,
hence can be considered pervasive. hence are ubiquitous.
Processing capabilities Limited computational capabilities. Virtually unlimited computational capabilities.
Storage capabilities Limited storage or no storage capabilities. Unlimited storage capabilities.
Connectivity Uses the Internet as a point of convergence Uses the Internet for service delivery.
and is a source of big data.
Big data IIoT things are a source of big data Cloud computing can manage big data.
Adapted from Atlam et al. (2018).