Page 243 - Academic Press Encyclopedia of Physical Science and Technology 3rd BioTechnology

P1: GLQ/GLE P2: GPB Final Pages Qu: 00, 00, 00, 00
Encyclopedia of Physical Science and Technology EN014J-683 July 30, 2001 20:3

Separation and Purification

of Biochemicals

Laure G. Berruex
Ruth Freitag
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology

I. Principles of Chromatographic Separations
II. Process Design in Chromatography
III. Stationary Phases for Biochromatography

GLOSSARY CIP/SIP should be reproducible, validated, automated
procedures done without opening or taking apart the
Adsorption Interaction between biomolecules in the mo- concerned equipment.
bile phase and the surface of the chromatographic stat- GMP Good manufacturing practice is part of the qual-
ionary phase, known as binding step. If the interac- ity system regulation to assure product consistency
tive phase is bonded to an inner core matrix—for and quality. GMP includes requirements related to the
example, the C 18 phases used in reversed-phase chro- methods used in, and the facilities and controls used for,
matography—the distribution is called partitioning designing, manufacturing, packaging, labeling, stor-
instead. ing, installing, and servicing of medical devices and
Batch operation A set volume of sample (=batch) is pu- products intended for human use.
rified at a given time in a given column. Batch proce- Isocratic elution Purification step consecutive to adsorp-
dures are repeated in cycles, defining a certain time, tion, consisting of collecting the target molecule (elut-
cost, and productivity per cycle. ing) off the stationary at a constant mobile phase com-
Biochromatography Liquid chromatography applied to position and ionic strength.
biopolymers. Isotherm The adsorption isotherm is the ratio of the times
Biopolymer Biological macromolecule consisting of re- spent by a molecule in the mobile and the stationary
peated “units” of biological origin, such as amino acids phases, equal to the ratio of its concentrations in these
or nucleic acids. It does not mean a biocompatible poly- phases. Usually defined for liquid/solid or gas/solid
mer, or a biodegradable polymer. interactions.
CIP/SIP Cleaning and sanitizing operations carried out Recombinant protein Protein obtained by recombinant
in place, part of the Quality Assurance procedures. technology (or genetic engineering), expressing a given

651