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Encyclopedia of Physical Science and Technology EN016J-783 August 1, 2001 10:58

Tissue Engineering 819

TABLE I Companies Selling Tissue Engineered Products and Products for Regenerative Medicine
Company Product name(s) Application(s) Core technology
Edwards Lifesciences; Irvine, CA Carpentier-Edwards PERIMOUNT Heart valve replacements Chemically treated
pericardial valve, Edward Prima Plus xenogeneic
Stentless Bioprosthesis heart valve tissue
®
Medtronics; Minneapolis, MN Hancock II aortic and mitral bioprostheses Heart valve replacements Chemically treated
xenogeneic heart
valve tissue
®
St. Jude Medical; St. Paul, MN Toronto SPV valve Heart valve replacements Chemically treated
xenogeneic heart
valve tissue
®
LifeCell; Branchburg, NJ AlloDerm acellular human dermis Burn wounds Acellular dermis from
human cadavers
Regeneration Technologies; Regenapack TM regeneration template, Bone wound healing Precision-tooled
Alachua, FL CorlS TM and AlloAnchor TM bone- natural bone matrices
healing screws and pins
®
Integra LifeSciences; Plainsboro, Integra dermal regeneration template, Burn wounds, periodontal Collagen-based matrices
®
NJ BioMend absorbable collagen disease
membrane
Sulzer Medica; Winterthur, Ne-Osteo TM osteogenic bone-filling Spinal fusion, periodontal disease Collagen-based
Switzerland material matrices with
growth factors
Curis; Cambridge, MA OP-1 Implant TM osteogenic bone-filling Nonunion fractures Collagen-based
material matrices with
growth factors
®
Genzyme; Cambridge, MA Carticel autologous chondrocytes, Cartilage defects of the knee, Culture of autologous
®
Epicel autologous keratinocytes burn wounds keratinocytes and
chondrocytes
Advanced Tissue Sciences; TransCyte TM , Dermagraft ® Burn wounds and skin ulcers Bioreactors for three-
La Jolla, CA dimensional stromal
cell culture
technologies
Organogenesis; Canton, MA Apligraf ® Skin ulcers Dermal-epidermal
composites
Ortec International; New York, NY Composite cultured skin (CSS) Epidermolysis bullosa, skin Dermal-epidermal
ulcers composites
®
Circe Biomedical; Lexington, MA HepatAssist liver support device Extracorporeal liver-failure Hepatocyte bioreactors
treatment
Vitagen; La Jolla, CA ELAD TM liver support device Extracorporeal liver-failure Cultured human
treatment hepatoma cell line
University of Berlin; Modular Extracorporeal Liver Support Extracorporeal liver-failure Hepatocyte bioreactors
Hybrid Organ GmbH, System (MELS) treatment
Berlin, Germany

engineering still in the early stages is the development engineering is now also evolving as a science which uses
of bioartificial organs such as pancreatic islets and livers, the theoretical framework of core engineering disciplines,
some of which consist of complex devices that incorporate including thermodynamics, transport, reaction kinetics,
large cell numbers into novel bioreactor systems. Table I and control theory. The basic understanding of the rules
provides a more exhaustive listing of companies currently that govern tissue repair, regeneration, and development
involved in the production of tissue engineered products will enable one to predict the behavior and performance
approved for clinical use or which are in the more ad- of more complex tissue engineered constructs, a neces-
vanced stages of clinical trials. sary step towards the optimization of tissue engineered
The early discoveries and major advances in tissue products. The first such studies were published by
engineering have been in large part the result of empirical Malcom S. Steinberg (University of Princeton) in the
studies because of our lack of understanding of the basic early 1960s and describe rules governing cell-sorting
phenomena that control tissue formation and repair. Tissue phenomena in multicellular systems containing different