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Encyclopedia of Physical Science and Technology EN009K-419 July 19, 2001 20:57

Membranes, Synthetic,

Applications

Eric K. Lee

Integrated Biosystems Inc.

W. J. Koros
Georgia Institute of Technology

I. General Principles
II. Membrane Materials, Geometry,
and Packaging
III. Gas Separations
IV. Vapor–Liquid Separations
V. Liquid Separations
VI. Biotechnology and Life Sciences
VII. Biomedical Applications
VIII. Membrane Sensors

GLOSSARY Synthetic (artificial) membrane Membrane formed by
a process not occurring in nature.
Membrane Structure, having lateral dimensions much Upstream Side of a membrane into which penetrants en-
greater than its thickness, through which mass trans- ter from the feed stream.
fer may occur under a variety of driving forces. Stage cut Parameter defined as the fractional amount of
Asymmetric membrane Membrane constituted of the total feed entering a membrane module that passes
two or more structural planes of non-identical mor- through the membrane as permeate.
phologies. Penetrant (permeant) Entity from a phase in contact
Composite membrane Membrane having chemically or with one of the membrane surfaces that passes through
structurally distinct layers. the membrane.
Homogeneous membrane Membrane with essentially Membrane module (cell) Manifold assembly containing
the same structural and transport properties through- a membrane or membranes to separate the streams of
out its thickness. feed, permeate, and retentate.

Encyclopedia of Physical Science and Technology, Third Edition, Volume 9
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