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Encyclopedia of Physical Science and Technology EN002C-64 May 19, 2001 20:39

Biopolymers 211

TABLE I The Common Amino Acids Found in Proteins
Common
Name abbreviation Side group, R

Glycine Gly H
Alanine Ala CH 3
CH 3
Valine Val CH 3 CH
CH 3
Leucine Leu CH 3 CH CH 2
CH 3
Isoleucine Ile CH 3 CH 2 CH
Serine Ser HO CH 2
OH
Threonine Thr CH 3 CH
Aspartic acid Asp HOOC CH 2
Asparagine Asn H 2 NOC CH 2
Glutamic acid Glu HOOC CH 2 CH 2
Glutamine Gln H 2 NOC CH 2 CH 2
NH
Arginine Arg H 2 N C NH CH 2 CH 2 CH 2
Lysine Lys H 2 N CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2
OH
Hydroxylysine a Hyl H 2 N CH 2 CH CH 2 CH 2
Methionine Met CH 3 S CH 2 CH 2
Cysteine Cys HS CH 2
Cystine a (Cys) 2 CH 2 S S CH 2
N
N CH 2
Histidine His H

N CH 2
Tryptophan Trp H

CH 2
Phenylalanine Phe
HO CH 2
Tyrosine Tyr
complete structure
NH
CH 2
H 2 C
Proline Pro CH 2 CH COOH
NH
CH 2
HOHC
4-Hydroxyproline a Hyp CH 2 CH COOH
a Produced from preceding acid by chemical reaction after incorporation into protein.