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Hazardous Waste and Its Treatment Process 129

some industrial gases. Similar to flammables, these wastes also have a
high potential for hazard in storage, collection and disposal, and there-
fore, they should be considered separately, in addition to being listed as
hazardous chemicals. These wastes may exist in solid, liquid, or gaseous
form.
Household hazardous wastes: Household wastes such as batteries,
nail polish, cleaning chemicals, etc. in MSW constitute hazardous wastes.
Especially, batteries that contain mercury are alkaline which is dangerous
enough to kill people. Generic household hazardous materials include
chlorinated organic, nonchlorinated organic, pesticides, oil-based paints,
waste oil, automobile battery, household battery, and latex paint (Table 9.3).

9.4 HAZARDOUS WASTE TREATMENT
The hazardous waste treatment process can be biological, thermal, chemical,
physical, etc.
Among the different processes, the best method is incineration process
to control hazardous waste; also, it can liberate low emission leads to control
air pollution. Biological treatments process some of wastes particularly in
organic form materials; those liberated from the petroleum factories. Some
of various methods of waste treatment process can be divided into chemical,
physical, thermal, and biological process.

9.4.1 Chemical and Physical Process
Physical and chemical treatment processes are an important region of
maximum dangerous waste treatment process and include the following
operations:
a. Separation and Filtration: Separation is the initial process to sepa-
rate different chamber for solid and liquid materials. Filtration is one
of the methods to extract solid materials from a liquid material using
a catalyst like porous materials. In the filtration process, driving forces
are added due to pressure gradient, vacuum, or pressure greater than
atmospheric pressure [18].
b. Clarification: Some unwanted solid particles lower than 100 ppm
concentrations are exhausted from an aqueous stream region. This is
mainly possible by inner filter concentration and area of flow filter is
the important target to generate a clear aqueous waste matter; it can
be liberated directly or by few additional processes. The incomplete
solids are determined in a reject section.