Page 142 - Energy from Toxic Organic Waste for Heat and Power Generation

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Fig. 9.3 Secondary materials, solid and hazardous wastes: relationship.

generally classified into six categories as inherently waste: like materials, spent
materials, sludges, by-products, commercial chemical products, and scrap met-
als. Solid wastes form a subset of all secondary materials and hazardous wastes
form a subset of solid waste.
Fig. 9.3 illustrates the relationship among secondary materials, solid
wastes, and hazardous wastes.
It is important to note that, for a material to be classified as a hazardous
waste, it should meet the criteria specified in the regulatory definition of
solid waste, which will be discussed next.

9.3.1 Identification

There are two criteria to meet for a substance to be classified as hazardous
waste. They are:
(i) Government agencies provide a list which consists of names of sub-
stances that are hazardous.
(ii) Characteristics such as ignitibility, corrosivity, reactivity, and toxicity of
the substance.

9.3.1.1 Listed Hazardous Wastes (Priority Chemicals)
A precise list shows certain material wastes which minimize the require-
ment to test wastes as well as simplify waste determination. It can also be
said that any waste that fits the definition of a listed waste is considered a
hazardous waste [7]. There are four separate lists which cover wastes from