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Hazardous Waste and Its Treatment Process 123

(xiv) Municipal Wastes (Management and Handling) Draft Rules, 1999.
(xv) Hazardous Waste (Management and Handling) Amendment Rules,
2000.
Because of these amendments, the legal management of hazardous sub-
stances in India will now be applicable to 44 industrial processes, as specified
in Schedule I of the Rules. The penal provisions for noncompliance under
Hazardous Waste (Management and Handling) Amended Rules 2000 and
Environment (Protection) Act, 1986, are:
The State Pollution Control Board has the power to cancel any autho-
rization issued under these rules or suspend it for such duration, as it
thinks the authorized person has failed to comply with any of the con-
ditions of the authorization or with any provisions of the Act of these
rules, after giving the authorized person an opportunity to show cause
and after recording reasons therefore.
Furthermore, the operator, occupier, and transporter of a facility shall
be accountable for reimbursements caused to the environment resulting
due to improper disposal of hazardous waste listed in Schedule 1, 2, and
3 of The Hazardous Waste (Management and Handling) Amendment
Rules, 2000. The occupier and operator of a facility shall also be liable to
reinstate or restore damaged or destroyed elements of the environment.
The occupier and operator of a facility shall be liable to pay a fine as
levied by the SPCB with the approval of the Central Pollution Control
Board (CPCB) for any violation of the provisions under these rules. An
appeal shall lie against any order of grantor refusal of an authorization
by the Member Secretary, SPCB, etc., to the Secretary, Department of
Environment of the State.

9.3 HAZARDOUS WASTE: IDENTIFICATION
AND CLASSIFICATION
Hazardous wastes can be described as wastes that may or tend to cause adverse
health effects on the ecosystem as well as on human beings. These wastes pose
potential risks to human health and to other living organisms as well, due to
the fact that they: can be biologically magnified; are persistent in nature; are
highly toxic and lethal even at very low concentrations. The criteria used
to determine the hazardous nature of waste include toxicity, phytotoxicity,
bio-concentration, and genetic activity [7]. The threat to public health and
the environment of a given hazardous waste depends upon the quantity and
characteristics of the waste involved. Wastes are secondary materials, which are