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320 Engineered interfaces in jiber reinforced composites

frictional shear stress (see Section 6.1). The inefficiency of the expanding monomers
in composites other than CFRP needs further work to explain the observed results
before this technique can be applied widely.
Because the shrinkage stress depends not only on the type of matrix materials
used but also on the state of matrix cure (Piggott et al., 1985), it is necessary to
specify the optimum cure cycle for a given expanding monomer. In addition to the
direct influence of the expanding monomers on fracture toughness, resins which can
cure without generating residual stresses are highly desirable for various practical
applications, such as high performance adhesives, coatings, precision castings,
dental fillings, binders for solid propellants, etc. There are now significant research
efforts toward the control of shrinkage stresses in polymers, particularly epoxies
(Shimbo et al., 1985; Ochi et al., 1989; He et al., 1989; Sikes and Brady, 1990) and
polyesters (Bucknall et al., 1991).

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