Page 173 - Enhanced Oil Recovery in Shale and Tight Reservoirs

Water injection 157

Table 7.1 Waterflooding performance.
Field k, mD Performance References

Bakken þ lower <1 Oil rate increase Thomas et al., 2014,
Shaunavan Wood and Milne,
2011
Bakken in ND No oil rate increase, Hoffman and Evans,
low sweep efficiency 2016
Bakken in Montana Water breakthrough Hoffman and Evans,
2016
Bakken Viewfield in w1 Water broke Karpov et al., 2016
Saskatchewan through right after
waterflooding, oil
rate peaked in the
first year, decline
rate decreased
Pembina Cardium in 0.1e5 Oil rate not Karpov et al., 2016
Alberta increased
Vinogradova in 0.87 Decline in oil rate, Karpov et al., 2016
Russia low efficiency
from vertical
injectors

5% KCl Solution Three-way
valve

QX Pump

Compressed air pump Tap water Accumulator Vessel
Figure 7.3 Schematic of setup for water huff-n-puff tests.

vessel, the pressure in the annulus was increased. Once the pressure reached a
set pressure, the three-way valve and the pump were closed. After a set
period of soaking time, the three-way valve was opened to allow the liquid
flow out, and the pressure of the vessel was bled off. The core was kept in the