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102 Chapter 4 • Development Life Cycle

Stage 1. Scoping and planning: Project definition and scope. Project planning is initiated.
Stage 2. Visioning and targeting: Needs assessment. Vision and targets identified. As-is
modeling.
Stage 3. Redesign: To-be Modeling. Software design and development.
Stage 4. Configuration: Software development. Integration test planning.
Stage 5. Testing and delivery: Integration testing. Business and system delivery.

Areas In addition, it identifies five areas (groups) as an individual thread to be woven into a
cohesive fabric through its five-phase work plan. The areas and a list of the functions performed
are as follows:

Stage 1. Project management (project organization, risk management, planning, monitoring,
communications, budgeting, staffing, quality assurance).
Stage 2. Information technology architecture (hardware and network selection, procurement,
installation, operations, software design, development, installation).
Stage 3. Process and systems integrity (security, audit control).
Stage 4. Change leadership (leadership, commitment, organizations design, change readiness,
policies and procedures, performance measurements).
Stage 5. Training and documentation (needs assessment, training design and delivery for project
team, management, end users, operations, and help desk. Scripting of end-user and
operations documentation).

Rapid-Re Gateway, a consulting firm in New York, has developed an ERP life cycle methodology
called Rapid-Re. The five-stage, 54-step modular methodology is customized to the needs of each
project because that is what happens in practice. Individual projects skip, rearrange, or recombine
tasks to meet their needs or give greater or lesser emphasis to some tasks.

Stage 1. Preparation. Mobilize, organize, and energize the people who will perform the
reengineering project.
Stage 2. Identification. Develop a customer-oriented process model of the business.
Stage 3. Vision. Select the processes to reengineer and formulate redesign options capable of
achieving breakthrough performance.
Stage 4. Solution. Define the technical and social requirements for the new processes and
develop detailed implementation plans.
Stage 5. Transformation. Implement the reengineering plans. In an ideal project, stages one
and two consider all key processes within a company and conclude with a step that
sets priorities for the processes to reengineer. The other stages are executed repeated-
ly for each process selected for reengineering.

ACCELERATED SAP (ASAP) The ASAP roadmap is a detailed project plan by SAP that
describes all activities in an implementation. It includes the entire technical area to support
technical project management, and addresses such concerns as interfaces, data conversions, and
authorizations earlier than do most traditional implementations.
The ASAP roadmap consists of five phases—project preparation, business blueprint,
realization, final preparation, and go-live—and supports continuous change.