Page 166 - Environmental Nanotechnology Applications and Impacts of Nanomaterials

Applicability of Analytical Techniques to Providing Specific Information on Nanoparticles. (Adapted from Oberdorster et al., 2005)
XPS ♥♥ ♥♥

Zeta potential ♥♥

AFM ♠

SEM ♠ ♠ ♠ ♠ ♠

TEM ♥♥ ♥♥ ♠ ♠ ♥♥

DLS ♥♥

SAXS, SANS ♥♥ ♥♥ ♠ ? ♥♥

NMR ♠ ♠ ♥♥ ♠

Mössbauer ♠ ♥♥ ♥♥ ♥♥

XAS ♥♥ ♥♥ ♠ ♥♥ ? Applicable in some cases, gives quantitative information with validation with another technique

Raman ♠ ♠ ♠ ♥♥ ♠ Applicable in some cases, gives quantitative information Applicable in some cases, gives qualitative information

XRD ♠ ♠ ♥♥ ♥♥ Highly applicable, gives quantitative information

TABLE 4.1 Size Shape Surface area Chemical composition Speciation of elements Redox-state of elements Surface chemistry Surface charge Crystal structure Agglomeration state Heterogeneity

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