Page 206 - Facility Piping Systems Handbook for Industrial, Commercial, and Healthcare Facilities

WATER TREATMENT AND PURIFICATION

4.42 CHAPTER FOUR

TABLE 4.10 ASTM Reagent-Grade Water Specifications

Type I Type II
Resistivity (Megohm-cm compensated to 25 °C) 18.0 1.0
TOC (ppb) 100 50
Sodium (ppb) 1 5
Chlorides (ppb) 1 5
Silica (ppb) 3 3

TABLE 4.11 NCCLS/CAP Reagent Water Specifications

Type I Type II
Resistivity (Megohm-cm @ 25 °C) 10 1.0
Silicate (mg/L SiO 2 ) 0.05 0.1
TOC (ppb) Activated carbon (not required by Not specified
CAP) or distillation or RO
Particulates 0.22 micron filter Not specified
Bacteria (cfu/mL) 10 1,000
Additional purification may be required for selected clinical laboratory procedures such as:
1. Preparation of water with minimal pyrogen levels for cell culture

2. Preparation of bacteria-free water for direct fluorescent detection of bacteria as in Legionella direct fluorescent
antibody testing or direct fluorescent stains of mycobacteria
3. Preparation of water with minimal organic content for HPLC

TABLE 4.12 AAMI/ANSI Water Quality Standards

Contaminant Suggested maximum level, mg/L
Calcium 2 (0.1 mEq/L)
Magnesium 4 (0.3 mEq/L)
Sodium 70 (3 mEq/L)
Potassium 8 (0.2 mEq/L)
Fluoride 0.2
Chlorine 0.5
Chloramines 0.1
Nitrate (N) 2
Sulfate 100
Copper, barium, zinc 0.1 each
Arsenic, lead, silver 0.005 each
Chromium 0.014
Cadmium 0.001
Selenium 0.09
Aluminum 0.01
Mercury 0.0002
Bacteria 200 (cfu/mL)
Source: Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation (AAMI)
“Hemodialysis Systems Standard,” March 1990. Adopted by American National
Standards Institute (ANSI), 1992.

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