Page 10 - Formation Damage during Improved Oil Recovery Fundamentals and Applications

Contents ix

5. Formation Damage by Inorganic Deposition 217
Xingru Wu
5.1 Introduction 217
5.2 Types of Scales in Formation Damage 220
5.3 Processes of Scale Formation 224
5.4 Management of Scaling in Development and Production 234
5.5 Summary 240
References 241

6. Formation Damage by Organic Deposition 243
Rouzbeh G. Moghanloo, Davud Davudov and Emmanuel Akita
6.1 Introduction, Definition, Existence State of Asphaltene in Crude Oil,
Molecular Structure of Asphaltene, Monitoring, and Remediation 244
6.2 Asphaltene Formation Mechanisms Review: Precipitation, Aggregation
and Deposition Mechanism, Solubility 247
6.3 Issues With Asphaltene Deposition 251
6.4 Deposition in Porous Media 253
6.5 Permeability Damage Models 257
6.6 Conclusions 269
References 270
Further Reading 273

7. Formation Damage During Chemical Flooding 275
Caili Dai
7.1 Introduction 275
7.2 Formation Damage by Polymer Flooding 276
7.3 Formation Damage by Surfactant/Polymer Binary Combination Flooding 286
7.4 Formation Damage by Ternary Combination Flooding 290
7.5 Summary and Conclusions 301
References 302

8. Formation Damage Problems Associated With CO 2 Flooding 305
Xuebing Fu, Andrew Finley and Steven Carpenter

8.1 Introduction 305
8.2 CO 2 Flooding Formation Damage Mechanisms 311
8.3 CO 2 Flooding Formation Damage Monitoring, Prevention,
and Remediation 344
8.4 Summary and Conclusions 353
References 354