Page 105 - From Smart Grid to Internet of Energy

90 From smart grid to internet of energy

FIG. 2.11 Architecture of a PMU system.

anti-aliasing operation may be achieved by using one of two LPFs that one is
regular analog filter with higher cut-off frequency while the other one is with
higher sampling rate in addition to regular analog filter. The combination of
analog and digital filters provides increased filtering performances comparing
to analog LPFs. Moreover, the higher sampling rate allows high precision phase
calculations. The MCU section of PMU includes calculation, detection and pro-
cessing blocks for measured voltage and current phasor signals. The measured
and processed data are arranged with time stamp generated by GPS signals and
transmitted to receivers by modem section [22].
One of the most important measurements of PMUs is synchrophasor mea-
surement since it provides detailed information about status of utility network.
Power network operators will be able to acquire complex measurement from
utility network by using PMUs and phasor data concentrators (PDCs) to prevent
grid disturbances. PDCs are essential devices to combine measurement data of
many PMUs to unify a transmission data. WAMS use synchronized phasor