Page 337 - From Smart Grid to Internet of Energy

300 From smart grid to internet of energy

capabilities to smart grid integration. It is seen that IoT-based applications are
extensively operated on clouds, but colossal data sets require efficient storage,
processing, and analyze features. Lin et al. express that cloud computing is a
mature technology and fog/edge computing-based IoT is an emerging architec-
tural approach in terms of improvement [70]. The fog/edge computing can
install a connection between cloud and IoT applications. Thus, the applications
and services can be done at nodes, things level, and distributed networks instead
of centralized structure of cloud. The fog/edge architecture can be easily
comprised by using any device and “thing” that is capable to provide storage,
processing, communication, and management opportunities. The fog/edge
approach can ensure the efficiency and privacy of smart meter deployment
and smart city applications due to its distributed resource opportunities.
The researches on energy-efficient IoT architectures are state-of-the-art to
manage resources and communication infrastructure with low-power consump-
tion and highly efficient. The refined architectures that are composed by sensing
and control layers, information processing layers, and application layers are
being widely researched in the context of next generation IoT architectures.
Therefore, it is predicted that there will be an intensive interest on architecture
improvements of IoT and smart grid interaction.

7.6.2 IoT-based smart building management
It is noted that smart home management and smart building systems will be rap-
idly advanced with the aid of IoT in next 5 years [6]. In this concept, the most
important contributions are expected to be provided by improvements of BMS,
IPv6, 6LowPAN, cloud services, power over Ethernet, and smart meters. The
home appliances and devices at household use comprise a WSN in the context
of smart building management system. The internal WSN builds a CPS requir-
ing smart grid and IoT applications to be managed by any device. Moreover, the
regulations are increasingly focused on smart building management due to
energy efficiency, DSM, and environmental concerns in recent years.
The control requirements on temperature, use of electricity and gas, surveil-
lance systems, smart metering applications, and cost-efficiency have been
demanded by users and authorities. Besides the home management systems,
industrial plants and governmental buildings are also taken into account as
smart building management concerns. The increased communication opportu-
nities and cloud support facilitates integration of building management systems
to existing infrastructures by using network devices. The smart meters are obvi-
ously most important device in this evolving management system. The interop-
erability and security are crucial topics in smart building management systems
where the authentication and privacy-aware architectures are required. The sur-
veyed studies express that microgrid management, appliance control, EV con-
trol and monitoring researches are also ever-evolving systems in the context of