Page 339 - From Smart Grid to Internet of Energy

302 From smart grid to internet of energy

interconnect IoT and cloud servers. The agent-based, virtual-machine based,
and special application middleware provide several benefits on big data man-
agement and processing.
The data acquisition which is crucial for of big data and cloud operation is
initial step. Due to complexity of infrastructures and interoperability require-
ments, it is noted that interdisciplinary researches are requested in this context.
These issues are presented in the next chapter with details.

7.6.5 Computational methods for IoT-based smart grid
The huge amount of IoT data acquisition and management require high level
processing capabilities for data filtering, predicting, decision making mecha-
nisms. The recent term for this mechanism is known as data fusion. The com-
putational methods such as fuzzy logic controllers (FLCs), artificial neural
networks (ANNs), machine learning systems, and data mining middleware
are used to derive meaningful results from crowded and imprecise data stacks.
The computational methods provide adaptive learning and self-organization
features to prevent faults. There have been several studies surveyed on IoT-
based smart grid applications including wind speed forecasting, WSN data
fusion operations, and intelligent methods using supervised machine learning
approach for increasing reliability and accuracy of data processing.
FLC of artificial intelligence has been proposed for data fusion of WSN. It
proposes an essential infrastructure to process data acquired from a wide variety
of sensors and performs successful data fusion. The data mining methods pro-
vides benefits of data awareness, data reliability, qualified results, and trusted
data filtering.

7.6.6 Standardization and interoperability of IoT-based smart grid
IoT is being used in a broad area including industry, power networks, and daily
life. Moreover, it is forecasted improvements of IoT technologies will continue
for many years. The literature surveys we conducted have shown that predic-
tions indicate that IoT will encompass more than 50 billion devices all over
the world by 2020. Many IoT applications and services have been adopted sev-
eral smart grid applications including smart city, smart power networks, smart
building management systems, and ICT infrastructures. IoT is an enabling tech-
nology connecting several other technologies such as communication networks,
ICT systems, data acquisition and sensor technologies, control systems, appli-
cation and services. Moreover, cellular technologies and big data play crucial
roles in development of IoT and smart grid integration.
Standardization is a crucial issue for such a dynamic and rapidly evolving
technology. The prominent standards on IoT reference architecture and concep-
tual models are described by several organizations as IEEE, ISO, IEC, ITU,
ETSI, 3GPP, W3C, and so on. The ISO/IEC 30141 standard defines IoT system