Page 372 - From Smart Grid to Internet of Energy

Roadmap from smart grid to internet of energy concept Chapter 9 337

9.2 Vision and motivation of IoE
Energy generation, transmission, distribution and storage systems can be man-
aged more smartly in the EI concept since all of the energy sources are con-
nected to each other thanks to the Internet. The EI intends to augment the
use rate of energy and substantially to encourage the utilization of RESs.
The EI also promotes various distributed energy resources (DERs) to meet
the requests of entire energy market. The information of clients and energy pro-
viders can be acquired promptly and accurately to set energy allocation due to
advances on Internet of Things (IoT) technologies. The structure of EI develops
in order that the energy market progressively depend on the renewable and dis-
tributed energy generation systems [3, 7].
The conventional power network has been transformed in the late 20th cen-
tury by increasing use and combination of RESs to generation and distribution
infrastructures. The decreasing amount of fossil-fuels and degrading hydroelec-
tric plants have accelerated this transformation. The economic and environmen-
tal concerns were the trigger factor of researchers that are performed on
increasing source variety, efficiency, and decreasing the generation, transmis-
sion and operating costs. The energy storage systems (ESSs) become critical
players in the smart grid transformation to improve reliability and flexibility
of this new power network structure. In addition to two-way power flow char-
acteristic of new grid concept, the more important contribution has been pro-
vided by communication technologies which were crucial to increase
management and monitoring capability of power network. Therefore, two-
way transmission is not only achieved for power but also for data and control
commands. The intelligent data processing and control capability that is
brought by energy management system (EMS) facilitates real time monitoring,
remote measurement, and control of numerous generation and transmission
substations in a centralized infrastructure. The rapid innovations seen in gener-
ation and transmission networks have enabled consumers to have their own gen-
eration sources that transforms consumers to prosumers. The load types are also
changed and evolved in the transformation era of smart grid. In addition to con-
ventional static loads, consumers were encouraged to use intelligent and con-
trollable loads in order to facilitate remote monitoring and control
requirements of smart grid. The deployment of electric vehicles (EVs) provided
to achieve mobile ESSs due to charging stations, and sophisticated wired and
wireless communication architectures have been integrated to each load sites
[8, 9].
The EI concept that is assumed as transformation of SG is established
depending on the energy routers to allow energy conversion, transmission
and information network with plug- and-play feature. In addition, this new con-
cept purposes to present sustainable computing by combining several energy
types to greatly flexible grid analogous Internet [6]. Moreover, the EI supports
comprehensive packing and routing services. Massive amounts of energy data