Page 373 - From Smart Grid to Internet of Energy

338 From smart grid to internet of energy

arise, namely big data, while performing energy generation, transmission, dis-
tribution, storage and energy management processes in the EI [4, 9–11]. There
is a great need for multi-advanced communication technologies in order to
expand coverage range of electrical power grids. Effective, secure and cooper-
ative communication systems that are utilized for controlling energy manage-
ment among device and systems connected each other are fundamental part of
the EI systems. Even though the communication structure of EI systems is
established depending on the Internet and SG communication systems, the com-
munication infrastructures of EI systems are quite different from the SG com-
munication systems. The communication infrastructures of EI systems are
compared with Internet, wireless sensor network (WSN) and SG communica-
tion systems, which are listed in Table 9.1. As can be seen from the table, com-
munication infrastructures of EI systems are completely based on energy
routers that manage energy and information data. On the other hand, Internet
and SG communication systems are only responsible for conveying information
data. In other words, the most important difference between EI communication
systems with other ones is energy transmission via Internet [1].
The integration of energy and communication architectures comprises fun-
damental base of EI concept which is assumed as the characteristic infrastruc-
ture of novel grid network. The contributions of new grid has been listed into
four categories in [8] as follows;
l Controllable intelligent loads: The controllable loads include residential
heaters, air-conditioning devices, smart appliances and intelligent electronic
devices that are capable to communicate with EMS,
l Generation and load demand control: The intermittent structure of RESs
that are depended to solar and wind variations, varying state of charge value
of ESSs, and EV technologies require energy management infrastructures,
l Source and communication deployment: Widespread DER amounts and
types, smart meters, advanced metering infrastructures (AMIs) and remote
monitoring nodes contribute to the excessive manner of source and commu-
nication variety on the smart grid plane. Therefore, a generic and convenient
communication infrastructure should be installed.
l Distribution grid transformation: The diversity of sources and distributed
generation capability which is enabled with development of smart grid will
improve the amount and volume of distribution network. The two-way
power flow will improve control and operation requirements of
existing DSOs.
In order to overcome communication and power flow problems, data transmis-
sion and processing requirements and improve the operational capabilities of
DSOs, a wide variety of decentralized communication architectures and emerg-
ing infrastructures are required. In addition to communication technologies,
data mining and big data analytics are also required to deal with huge amount
of data that have been generated and transmitted from numerous sensor nodes.