Page 376 - From Smart Grid to Internet of Energy

340 From smart grid to internet of energy

The big data analytics, security and privacy issues have been presented in the
recent chapter. Architecture of EI system and components used to comprise an
EI infrastructure are presented in the following sections.

9.3 Architecture of EI systems

A typical EI communication structure including DESs, energy management
center (data, control center and smart energy), electric vehicles, residential,
commercial and industrial customers are depicted in Fig. 9.1. The DESs are
composed of several types of energy sources such as hydroelectric, wind, solar
and energy storage systems [12]. EI management center includes data center,
smart energy management center and control center. Energy routers are estab-
lished to ensure energy and information services where a wide area is consid-
ered to allow energy and communication transfer between various areas [11, 13,
14]. Therefore, energy routers have very critical mission to accomplish energy
management transactions in the EI communication [8]. The energy routers
located in the wide area network (WAN) perform overall energy allocation
and these energy routers are able to manage two-way energy flows. Data center
and control center that are located in management areas assistance EI system for
controlling energy management in both power and user side. Smart meters

FIG. 9.1 General block diagram of EI concept.