Page 157 - Fundamentals of Air Pollution

Questions 125

15. Miller, P. R., and Elderman, M. J. (eds.)/ "Photochemical Oxidant Air Pollution Effects
of a Mixed Conifer System." EPA-600/3-77-104. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Corvallis, OR, 1977.
16. Gordon, A. G., and Gorham, E., Can. J. Bot. 41, 1063-1078 (1973).
17. Oden, S., "The Acidification of Air and Precipitation and Its Consequences in the Natural
Environment." Ecology Committee, Bulletin No. 1, Swedish National Science Research
Council, Stockholm, 1967.
18. Shupe, J. L., Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. 31, 240-247 (1970).

SUGGESTED READING

"Acidic Precipitation," Vols. 1-5. Advances in Environmental Sciences, Springer-Verlag, Lon-
don, 1989-90.
Georgii, H. W., "Atmospheric Pollutants in Forest Areas: Their Deposition and Interception."
Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston, 1986.
Legge, A. H., and Krupa, S. V., "Air Pollutants and Their Effects on the Terrestrial Ecosystem."
Wiley, New York, 1986.
Mellanby, K. (ed.), "Air Pollution, Acid Rain, and the Environment." Elsevier Science Publish-
ers, Essex, England, 1988.
National Research Council, "Biologic Markers of Air Pollution Stress and Damage in Forests."
National Academy Press, Washington, DC, 1989.
Smith, W. H., "Air Pollution and Forests: Interactions between Air Contaminants and Forest
Ecosystems," 2nd ed. Springer-Verlag, New York, 1990.

QUESTIONS

1. Distinguish between air pollution damage and injury.
2. Why is it difficult to prove that effects on plants in the field observed visually were cause
by exposure to air pollution?
3. What functions do the stomates serve in gas exchange with the atmosphere?
4. Why is air pollution damage important when estimates suggest that it accounts for less
than 5% of total crop losses in the United States?
5. List examples of air pollution effects on plants that cannot be detected by visual symptoms.
6. What types of trace gases are released to the atmosphere by forest ecosystems?
7. How have ozone and insects interacted to damage trees in the San Bernardino Mountain
National Forest of California?
8. Why are animals used in research on air pollution effects?
9. Calculate the daily fluoride intake of a dairy animal from (a) air and (b) food and water,
based on the conditions below and assuming 100% retention of the fluoride:
Animal breathing rate: 30 kg air per day containing 6 /ug fluoride per cubic meter of air
(STP)
Animal food and water intake:
Herbage 10 kg containing 200 mg/kg of fluoride
Water 5 kg containing 1 mg/kg of fluoride