Page 154 - Fundamentals of Gas Shale Reservoirs
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134   PETROPHYSICAL EVALUATION OF GAS SHALE RESERVOIRS

            n       Water saturation exponent                        calculations. SPE Unconventional Gas Conference; Pittsburgh,
            N       Nitrogen                                       PA, USA, February 23–25, 2010. SPE131772; 2010.
             2
            P       Reservoir pressure, psi                      Anderson B, Barber  T, Lüling M, Sen P,  Taherian R, Klein J.
                                                                   Identifying potential gas‐producing shales from large dielectric
            P       Langmuir pressure, psi
             l                                                     permittivities measured by induction quadrature signals. SPWLA
            R       Resistivity, ohm‐meter                         49th  Annual Logging Symposium; Edinburg, Scotland, May
            R       Baseline resistivity, ohm‐meter                25–28, 2008, SPWLA.
             baseline
            R       Horizontal resistivity, ohm‐meter            API.  API Recommended Practice for Core‐Analysis Procedure,
             h                                                     Recommended Practice 40. 2nd ed. Dallas (TX):  American
            R       Vitrinite reflectance
             o                                                     Petroleum Institute; 1998.
            R       Vertical resistivity, ohm‐meter
             v                                                   Beliveau D. Honey, I shrunk the pores!. J Can Petrol  Technol
            S       Total water saturation, pore vol%              1993;32:15–17.
             w
            T       Temperature, K                               Bohacs,  KM, Miskell‐Gerhardt  K.  Well‐log  expression  of lake
            T       Transverse relaxation time, ms                 strata; controls of lake‐basin type and provenance, contrasts
             2                                                     with marine strata. AAPG Annual Meeting Expanded Abstracts,
            T       T  value differentiates between free fluid and
             2cutoff  2                                            Tulsa, OK, USA; 1998.
                    bound fluid, ms                              Boyer C, Kieschnick J, Suarez‐Rivera R, E, Lewis R, Waters G.
            T       Geometrical mean of T  distribution, ms
             2gm                      2                            Producing gas from its source. Oilfield Rev 2006;18:36–49.
            V       Langmuir volume, scf/ton                     Brace WF, Walsh JB, Frangos WT. Permeability of granite under
             l
            V       Compressional wave velocity, m/s               high pressure. J Geophys Res 1968;73:2225–2236.
             p
            V       Shear wave velocity, m/s                     Bustin RM, Bustin AMM, Cui X, Ross D, Pathi VM. Impact of
             s                                                     shale properties on pore structure and storage characteristics.
            V       Shear velocity in X direction, m/s
             sx                                                    SPE Gas Shale Production Conference; Fort Worth, TX, USA.
            V       Shear velocity in Y direction, m/s
             sy                                                    SPE119892; November 16–18, 2008.
            V       Volume percentage of TOC, vol%               Bustin RM, Clarkson CR. Geological controls on coal‐bed methane
             TOC
            W       Weight percentage of TOC, wt%                  reservoir capacity and gas content. Int J Coal Geol 1998;38:3–26.
             TOC
            ∆logR   Separation between resistivity and sonic, log scale  Castagna JP, Batzle ML, Eastwood RL. Relationships between
            Δt      Sonic transit time, microseconds/ft            compressional‐wave and shear‐wave velocities in clastic silicate
                                                                   rocks. Geophysics 1985;50:571–581.
            Δt      Baseline sonic transit time, microseconds/ft
              baseline                                           Chalmers GR, Bustin RM, Power IM. Characterization of gas shale
            µm      Micrometer                                     pore systems by porosimetry, pycnometry, surface area, and
            ν       Poisson’s ratio                                field emission scanning electron microscopy/transmission elec­
            ρ       Density of mineral i, g/cm 3                   tron microscopy image analyses: Examples from the Barnett,
             i                                                     Woodford, Haynesville,  Marcellus,  and Doig units.  AAPG
            ρ       Bulk density, g/cm 3
             b                                                     Bulletin 2012;96:1099–1119.
            ρ       Fluid density, g/cm 3
             f                                                   Chemali R, Su SM, Gianzero S. The effect of shale anisotropy on
            ρ       Gas density, g/cm 3                            focused resistivity devices. SPWLA 28th  Annual Logging
             g
            ρ       Solid matrix density, g/cm 3                   Symposium. Society of Petrophysicists & Well Log Analysts,
             m                                                     London, England; June 29–July 2, 1987.
            ρ       Formation water density, g/cm 3
             w                                                   Clarkson CR, Freeman M, He L, Agamalian M, Melnichenko YB,
            ρ       Kerogen density, g/cm 3
             k                                                     Mastalerz M, Bustin RM, Radliński AP, Blach TP. Characterization
            ρ       Non‐kerogen density, g/cm 3                    of tight gas reservoir pore structure using USANS/SANS and gas
             nk
            ϕ       Porosity, decimal fraction                     adsorption analysis. Fuel 2012a;95:371–385.
                                                                 Clarkson CR, Jensen JL, Blasingame T. Reservoir engineering for
                                                                   unconventional reservoirs: What do we have to consider? North
                                                                   American Unconventional Gas Conference and Exhibition; The
            REFERENCES                                             Woodlands, TX, USA. SPE145080; June 14–16, 2011.
                                                                 Clarkson CR, Solano N, Bustin RM, Bustin AMM, Chalmers GRL,
            Alexander  T, Baihly J, Boyer C, Clark B,  Waters,G, Jochen V,   He L, Melnichenko YB, Radliński AP, Blach TP. Pore structure
              Calvez JL, Lewis R, Miller CK, Thaeler J, Toelle BE. Gas shale   characterization of North American gas shale reservoirs using
              revolution. Oilfield Rev 2011;23:40–55.              USANS/SANS,  gas adsorption, and mercury  intrusion. Fuel
            Allen N, Aplin A, Thomas M. Introduction to gas shale storage   2013;103:606–616.
              [Internal presentation]. University of Calgary; 2009.  Clarkson CR,  Wood J, Burgis S,  Aquino S, Freeman M.
            Ambrose RJ, Hartman RC, Campos MD, Akkutlu IY, Sondergeld   Nanopore‐structure analysis and permeability predictions
              C. New pore‐scale considerations for gas shale in place   for  a tight gas siltstone reservoir by use of low‐pressure
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