Page 144 - Fundamentals of Geomorphology

SMALL-SCALE TECTONIC AND STRUCTURAL LANDFORMS 127

( ) Piston or plate collapse ( ) Piecemeal
b
a

Topographic rim
Landslide Chaotic
Structural rim breccia

Funnel

d
() Trapdoor () Downsag
c

Extension

Figure 5.9 Four end-member mechanisms of caldera collapse. (a) Piston or plate collapse. (b) Piecemeal. (c) Trapdoor.
(d) Downsag.
Source: After Cole et al. (2005)