Page 17 - Fundamentals of Reservoir Engineering

LIST OF FIGURES

Fig. 1.1 (a) Structural contour map of the top of the reservoir, and (b) cross section
through the reservoir, along the line X−Y 2

Fig. 1.2 Overburden and hydrostatic pressure regimes (FP = fluid pressure; GP = grain
pressure) 3

Fig. 1.3 Pressure regimes in the oil and gas for a typical hydrocarbon accumulation 6
Fig. 1.4 Illustrating the uncertainty in estimating the possible extent of an oil column,
resulting from well testing in the gas cap 8

Fig. 1.5 Primary oil recovery resulting from oil, water and gas expansion 11

11
Fig. 1.6 The Z−factor correlation chart of Standing and Katz (Reproduced by courtesy of
the SPE of the AIME) 17

Fig. 1.7 Pseudo critical properties of miscellaneous natural gases and condensate well
fluids 19 18

Fig. 1.8 Isothermal Z−factor as a function of pressure (gas gravity = 0.85;
temperature = 200° F) 21

Fig. 1.9 Isothermal gas compressibility as a function of pressure (gas gravity = 0.85;
temperature = 200° F) 24

Fig. 1.10 Graphical representations of the material balance for a volumetric depletion gas
reservoir; equ. (1.35) 28

Fig. 1.11 Graphical representation of the material balance equation for a water drive gas
reservoir, for various aquifer strengths; equ. (1.41) 30

Fig. 1.12 Determination of the GIIP in a water drive gas reservoir. The curved, dashed
lines result from the choice of an incorrect, time dependent aquifer model; (refer
Chapter 9) 31

Fig. 1.13 Gas field development rate−time schedule (Exercise 1.2) 35

Fig. 1.14 Phase diagrams for (a) pure ethane; (b) pure heptane and (c) for a 50−50 mixture
of the two 37

Fig. 1.15 Schematic, multi-component, hydrocarbon phase diagrams; (a) for a natural gas;
(b) for oil 38

Fig. 2.1 Production of reservoir hydrocarbons (a) above bubble point pressure, (b) below
bubble point pressure 44

Fig. 2.2 Application of PVT parameters to relate surface to reservoir hydrocarbon
volumes; above bubble point pressure. 45