Page 824 - Fundamentals of Water Treatment Unit Processes : Physical, Chemical, and Biological

Appendix B: Physical Constants and Physical Data 779

TABLE B.9 (continued)
Properties of Water
Vapor Dynamic Dynamic
Temperature Density a Pressure a Surface Viscosity b Kinematic Viscosity e Kinematic
3
f
2
2
a
2
d
(8C) (kg=m ) (N=m ) Tension (N=m) (poises) c Viscosity (stokes) c (N s=m ) Viscosity (m =s)
2 2 3 6
48 11,171 0.5656 10 0.5719 10 0.566 10 0.572 10
49 11,745 0.5561 10 2 0.5626 10 2 0.556 10 3 0.563 10 6
50 12,344 0.06794 0.5468 10 2 0.5534 10 2 0.547 10 3 0.553 10 6
a
Lide (1996, p. 6-10, 6-8, 6-13).
b
Weast (1978, p. F-51).
c 2
1 poise ¼ gm s=cm; 1 stoke ¼ cm =s.
d
Kinematic viscosity, n, calculated as
n ¼ m=r
in which
2
n is the kinematic viscosity (cm =s)
1
m is the dynamic viscosity (gm s =cm) ¼ dyne-s=cm 2
3
r is the density of water (gm=cm )
Dynamic viscosity, m, taken from column 5; density, r, taken from column 1
e
To convert dynamic viscosity in poises to SI units:

2
g g kg 100 cm (N s =m) N s
m ¼ 0:1
cm s ¼ cm s 1000 g m kg m 2
2
Multiply ‘‘poises’’ by 2.089 10 3 to convert to lb F s=ft .
f 2
To convert kinematic viscosity in stokes (cm =s) to SI units:
2 2 2
cm cm m
2
n ¼ ¼ 10 4 m =s
s s 10 cm 2
4
2
Multiply ‘‘stokes’’ by 1.0761 10 3 to convert to ft =s.