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                                            GREAT COMMUNICATION SECRETS OF GREAT LEADERS
                       presentations; cafeterias and factory floors connote informality. Good
                       presenters make the location work for them. Throughout his mayoral
                       career, Rudy Giuliani made a point of showing up at scenes where he
                       felt the community needed to see a leader. Of course, after September
                       11 we saw him every day at Ground Zero, as well as at funerals, memo-
                       rials, and other public venues.
                      How and where you deliver your presentation may depend on your pref-
                  erence, or it may be set by the group to whom you are presenting. Knowing in
                  advance how and where you will present is critical to ensuring that your mes-
                  sage is understood and creates the right impetus for action.
                      Note: Part II contains much more material on delivering the message to
                  audiences. For information on delivering the message to an individual, see
                  Chapter 10, “Leadership Communications Coaching.”
                                    Communications Planner:
                             Structuring the Stand-up Presentation
                     Organization is fundamental to an effective presentation. The presenta-
                     tion that rambles is the presentation that is forgotten not as soon as it is
                     over, but while it is still going on. Try these techniques to get started:
                        1.  Read. Read. Read. That’s where you find ideas for your con-
                            tent.
                        2.  Ask. Ask. Ask. Talk to people who represent your customers.
                            What do they want to hear?
                        3.  Find. Find. Find. Look for research material wherever you can
                            find it. Trade magazines. The Internet. Corporate reports.
                        4.  Brainstorm. Yes, you did this when you were coming up with
                            the message. But guess what? It works for fleshing out con-
                            tent, too.
                        5.  Write the draft by adding points to your outline. After a while,
                            you will have the beginnings of a draft, but you will have cre-
                            ated it by using an outline method.
                        6.  Construct your arguments.
                                Claim: what you state
                                Reason: what you believe
                                Warrant: synthesis of statement and belief
                        7.  As you write your draft, think in terms of analogies. Use the
                            words in those analogies to color your content words. Here are
                            some examples:
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