Page 469 - Handbook Of Multiphase Flow Assurance

470 Index

Clathrate hydrates (Continued) test procedures, 193
computer modeling at CSM, 313 types, 218
crystal growth (see Hydrate crystal growth) Corrosion-resistant alloys (CRA), 23, 177
forms of, 282 CRDF. See Cavity radial distribution function (CRDF)
structure H, 285 Cross-polarized microscope (CPM), 8, 40, 42, 60, 342
structure I, 284 Crude biodegradation, 65
structure II hydrate, 284 Crude oil, 5. See also Asphaltenes; Naphthenic acids
hydrate growth, 294–296 composition of, 163
kinetic inhibitors and live, 172f
computer modeling, 280 methanol solubility in, 195
interaction between, 280 SARA analysis, 142
pressure and temperature, 280 stock tank, 172f
THF hydrate crystal, 280 water content, 195
separation techniques, 284 CryoFAST, 448, 448f
size, 284
thermodynamic properties, 292 D
translational and vibrational spectra, 293 Deepwater production
Clausius-Clapeyron equation, 233, 235 challenges, 30–31
Cleanliness, production chemicals, 192 fluid sampling, 44–45
Cloud point, 60 operations, 29, 183–184
Cold filter plug, 60 Diamondoids, 37, 149–150
Cold finger, 60, 342 Differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), 60, 343
Cold flow method, 207–208 Diffusion-limited aggregation (DLA) fractal models,
Cold-storage process, 284 313
Commercial software packages, 295 DMAEMA monomers, 250
Compatibility, production chemicals, 192 Drag reducing agents, 199
Computer coded program DREIDING forcefield, 313
counting H bonded rings in water, 346–367 Droplet models, 152
generating radial distribution function in water, Dynamic field development model, 454
343–346 Dynamic tube plugging test, 179
Monte Carlo program for polymer adsorption on
hydrate, 367–436 E
Concentration, production chemicals, 192–193 Electric conductivity, 225, 282
Condensate-gas ratio (CGR), 151 Electric power plants, 223
Conference in Brussels on the Global Environment, 282 Emulsion, 37, 182, 195
Consistency, production chemicals, 192 breaker, 13, 13–14t, 196
Core flood test, 142 characteristics, 64–65
Correlations, 464–465, 465t and cold flow, 207–208
blockages, production monitoring tools, 89 rheology, 208, 208f
flow modeling, 84–85 viscosity, 208, 208f
pipeline, production monitoring tools, 88 Enhanced oil recovery (EOR), 143
Corrosion, 37 Enthalpy, 233, 235–236, 241
control techniques, 219 Entropy, 233
flow parameters, 217 EOR. See Enhanced oil recovery (EOR)
hydrate formation EPANET2 tool
carbon steel coupons, 123f chemical injection distribution system, 443–444,
Cr 13 steel, 125f 445f
stainless steel caliper, 124f for water injection system, 444, 445f
stainless steel 316 exhibits corrosion, 124f Equilibrium line, 232, 235, 241, 243, 245
inhibitor, 193 Erosion, 37, 220
management, 217
monitoring methods, 218 F
products, 36–37, 149 The Flory-Huggins solubility model, 146
risk, 206 Flow assurance