Page 470 - Handbook Of Multiphase Flow Assurance
P. 470
Index 471
advanced fluid properties, 463 optimization of sizes, 206
background, 17–21 topsides equipment, 207
basis of design, 21–22 Flow loop tests, 341–342
blockages, 2–3 Flow modeling
correlations, 464–465, 465t correlations, 84–85
data mining, 28 dimensionless numbers, 85–86
definitions, 2, 21 erosion modeling, 87
design chemical injection program, 15 multiphase production problems, 87
flow restrictions, 2–3 software, 86–87
fluid characterization, 22 Flow rate, 3, 35, 37, 70, 77, 88, 115, 145–146, 149, 160,
hardware cost, 24–26 167, 206, 214
hydrates and electrical heating, 3 Fluid characterization process
ice blockages, 5 group contribution method, 53
industry standards to, 463t laboratory studies, 59–60
integrity issues lumping, 56–57
corrosion (see Corrosion) oil viscosity, 56
erosion, 220 properties and measurements, 51–52
internal boundaries, 12 pseudocomponents, 56
issues, 12 PVT tuning, 60–61
lack of training/experience, 15 solid-liquid equilibrium, 57–59
measuring system, 30 Fluid physical properties, 61–63, 61–63t
monitoring, 28 Fluid quality
multiphase technology & OLGA, 3 BOEM component shut-ins per facility, 196, 197f
operations, 28–29 BOEM warnings per facility, 196, 197f
operator error, 15 emulsions and foams, 195–196
outlooks, 30–31 hydrocarbon gas, 195
pipe roughness, 463 hydrocarbon oil, 195
prevention methods, 13 produced water, 195
problems, 5–10 topsides process design, 195–196
process safety, 30 water treatment management, 195–196
produced fluids monitoring instrumentation, 465 Fluid sampling
production chemistry items, 10, 11–12t deepwater samples, 44
project design, 14 H 2 S sample collection, 44
PVT-related fluid analysis, 22 hydrocarbon fluid, 45
regional regulatory requirements, 460 mercury samples, 44–45
sample requirements, 463 onshore samples, 44
standard temperature and pressure, 467 quality checks, 45–51
systematic approach, 29–30 Fluid velocity, 155
units and conversions, 465–467 Fluid viscosity, 444
Flow assurance model Foaming, 37, 64
concept selection, 452
exploration, 451–452 G
flow test, 452 Gas condensate, 143
material characteristics, 451 ThermoFast, 448, 449f
PVT fluid characterization, 451 Gas dew point analyzer, 139
reservoir characterization, 451 Gas-dominated systems, 122
Flow-induced vibration, 37 Gas hydrate formation
Flowline deliverability issues chemistry, 106
arrival pressure, 207 flow restriction, 182
artificial lift methods, 206, 207t light hydrocarbons and sour gases, 183
cold flow and emulsion, 207–208 mechanical expansion, 183
design process, 205–206 mechanical movement, 183
emulsion rheology, 208, 208f of microbubbles, 102
heavy oil viscosity, 208 of nanobubbles, 102
