Page 466 - Handbook Of Multiphase Flow Assurance

466 14. Case studies/reference material

TABLE 14.11 Possible locations of instrumentation for fluids conditions monitoring
Resistivity
corrosion
Sand/ monitor or
Temperature Pressure acoustic coupon Composition GC
Reservoir Water injection or producer
wells may be converted
into monitoring wells
Wellbore Downhole T, Downhole pressure
Distributed (fiber)
temperature
Tree Yes Yes—standard equipment
upstream and downstream
of the tree choke
Jumper Yes Yes
Manifold Yes
Flowline Distributed (fiber) Yes onshore Yes onshore
temperature
Riser Riser base pressure Yes
Topsides Yes Yes Yes Yes Online
Gas chromatograph
Export line Yes at each end

Heat of fusion of water at 1 atm, 0 °C
79.7 cal/g = 144 Btu/lbm
Heat of vaporization of water at 1 atm, 100 °C
540 cal/g = 972 Btu/lbm
−4
1 J/kg K = 2.3886 * 10 Btu/lbm °F
1 cal = 4.184 J
1 Btu = 1055 J

1 N = 1 kg m/s 2
1 N = 100,000 dyne
1 N = 0.22481 lb f
1 N = 0.1019501 kg f
1 psi = 6894.73 Pa
1 psi = 0.07029264 kg/cm 2
2
1 kg/cm = 98,066 Pa
1 Pa = 1 N/m 2
2
1 Pa = 1 kg/(m s )
1 Pa = 1.01973E-05 kg/cm 2
1 bar = 100,000 Pa