Page 152 - Handbook of Battery Materials

120 3 Structural Chemistry of Manganese Dioxide and Related Compounds

it does not occur in natural ores. The instability toward oxidation might be due to the
easy topotactical transformation to the thermodynamically more stable MnOOH
and birnessite-type materials containing manganese in the oxidation states III and
IV, respectively.

3.5
Conclusion

More than 100 years of research on manganese dioxides has resulted in an
enormous body of knowledge on the subtle structural details of a huge variety
of crystalline materials. This detailed information about the structural chemistry
of manganese dioxides and their related physical properties is important for
further development of electrochemical systems based on manganese oxides,
such as RAM cells or lithium-ion cells, and to enable us to elaborate systematic
reaction paths toward the synthesis of new materials with improved properties.
The crystal structure, morphology, composition, and physical properties of various
manganese oxides still have to be optimized for a large number of different
applications.

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