Page 128 - Handbook of Materials Failure Analysis
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124 CHAPTER 6 Failure analysis of concrete sleepers/bearers
5 Finite Element Modeling of Turnout Diamond ...................................................... 148
5.1 Complete Diamond Analysis ..............................................................148
5.2 Individual Bearer Analysis .................................................................148
5.3 Contact Surfaces ..............................................................................151
6 Results and Discussions ................................................................................... 153
6.1 Individual Bearer Analysis .................................................................153
6.2 Complete Diamond Analysis ..............................................................155
6.3 Discussions .....................................................................................155
7 Conclusion ....................................................................................................... 157
Acknowledgments ..................................................................................................158
References ............................................................................................................158
1 INTRODUCTION
Railway urban turnout is a special track system used to divert a train from a particular
direction or a particular track onto other directions or other tracks. It is a structural
grillage system that consists of steel rails, points (or called “switches”), crossings,
steel plates, rubber pads, insulators, fasteners, screw spikes, beam bearers (either tim-
ber, polymer, steel, or concrete), ballast and formation, as shown in Figure 6.1 [1].
There are two types of turnouts, a conventional turnout and a tangential turnout.
Checkrail unit
Crossing
Heel block Closure rails
Studs/switch
stops
Bearers
Stockrails
Rail brace
Plates
Switches
FIGURE 6.1
Components of a turnout.
