Page 127 - Handbook of Materials Failure Analysis

CHAPTER

Nonlinear 3D finite-element

modeling for structural 6

failure analysis of concrete

sleepers/bearers at an urban

turnout diamond

†
Minh Vu*, Sakdirat Kaewunruen , Mario Attard {
Sydney Trains, New South Wales, Australia *
Birmingham Centre for Railway Research and Education, The University of Birmingham,
Edgbaston B15 2TT UK †
{
The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

CHAPTER OUTLINE
1 Introduction ..................................................................................................... 124
2 Interaction of Train and Turnout Structure .......................................................... 126
2.1 Turnout Forces .................................................................................126
2.2 Track Stiffness .................................................................................128
2.3 Equivalent Track Mass ......................................................................128
3 Failure Mechanisms ......................................................................................... 129
3.1 Structural Integrity ...........................................................................129
3.2 Geotechnical Inspection ...................................................................129
4 Current Analysis and Design Methods ................................................................ 131
4.1 Methods of Analysis .........................................................................133
4.1.1 Determination of Rail Seat Load .............................................. 133
4.1.2 The BOEF Model ................................................................... 134
4.1.3 The American Railroad Engineering Association Method ............. 138
4.1.4 The ORE Method ................................................................... 138
4.1.5 The Three Adjacent Sleepers Method ....................................... 139
4.2 Sleeper Bending Moments ................................................................140
4.2.1 Maximum Sleeper Bending Moment at the Rail Seat .................. 140
4.2.2 Maximum Sleeper Bending Moment at the Center of
the Sleeper ........................................................................... 142
4.2.3 Flexural Requirements of Sleepers ........................................... 142
4.3 Current Design Method .....................................................................145
4.3.1 Essential Loading Determination .............................................. 145

Handbook of Materials Failure Analysis With Case Studies from the Chemicals, Concrete, and Power Industries. 123
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-100116-5.00006-5
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