Page 474 - Handbook of Materials Failure Analysis

Index 473

modeling approach, 357 plastic strain energy, 366, 366f
residual stresses, 357 positive elastic strain energy, 365–366, 366f
stages, 356, 356f sample SPR joint, 378, 381f
structural stress approach, 359 Sheppard’s model, 365
advantages, 364–365 total strain energy, 366, 366f
disadvantages, 364–365 Fish-mouth type high-temperature creep failure,
fatigue crack propagation, 364 51–52, 53f
maximum structural stress range, 364 Foundation–support zone, 210
membrane load and bending moment, French Association for Earthquake Engineering
363–364, 363f (AFPS), 189
stress concentrations, 362–363
welding processes, 357 G
Fatigue life estimation, 254, 255f Geometric slenderness ratio, 208, 209t
Fatigue wear particle analysis, 321, 323f Geothermal steam turbine, 334, 335f
color oxide films, 322, 325f GMAW, 391
micropitting and macropitting, 321 GTAW, 399–400
smooth and rough surface, 322, 323–324f
striations, 321, 323f H
surface contact, 321 Hardness tests
wind turbine gearbox premature failures, 324, boiler tube failures, 57, 58t
326–327f Sicily reformer tube deformation, 80, 82f
Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) HAZUS 99 method, 190
310 method, 190 HCl acid attack, 3
Ferrography Heat affected zone (HAZ), 391–392
analytical, 312–313 Heat-exchanger plate failure
disadvantages, 313 analytical procedure, 39–41
DR, 312 pit morphology, 42, 43f
tribology, 312 potentiodynamic cyclic polarization, 43, 44–45f
Fick’s diffusion law, 106–108 power generation and cooling system, 39, 40f
Field visit, 31 process description, 41, 41–42t
Finite element analysis (FEA) recommendations, 44–45
conical mandrels HIC. See Hydrogen-induced cracking (HIC)
3D finite-element mesh, 175–176, 176f High-temperature creep failures
fracture resistance behavior, 177, 180f boiler locations, 51–52, 52f
load-displacement response, 177, 179f chemical analysis, 57, 57t
true stress-strain curve, 175–176, 177f dimensional measurement, 56, 57t,57f
von Mises equivalent stress state, 175–176, fish-mouth type failure, 51–52, 53f
178f hardness measurements, 57, 58t
excavator structural strength, reliable analysis of, metallographic examination, 57, 58–59f,59–61
245, 248–249, 250f open burst rupture, 56, 56f
Finite element modeling (FEM) problem determination, 55–56
load-CMOD response, 294–296f scale-thickness measurement, 58, 60t
turnout diamond technical data, 56
complete diamond analysis, 148, 155 tube metal temperature, 58–61, 60t
contact surface element analysis, 151–153 visual examination, 56, 59–61
individual bearer analysis, 148–150, 153–154 Housner method, 196–197
welded structures, fatigue failure analysis of, Hydrodynamic effect assessment, 196–197, 197f
359–360 Hydrogen damage failures
advantage, 365 boiler locations, 52f,53
anisotropy and hardening asymmetry, 365 chemical analysis, 63–64, 63t
boundary conditions, 380, 382f dimensional measurement, 63–64, 63f
material constants, 375t, 380, 380t hardness measurements, 63–64, 64t
mesh generation phase, 378, 380f metallographic examination, 63–64, 64t,64–66f