Page 475 - Handbook of Materials Failure Analysis

474 Index

Hydrogen damage failures (Continued) Mass spectra
thick-edge-type failure, 53, 54f car air conditioner compressor wall surface
visual examination, 62–64, 62f sludge, 455–457, 458f
window opening-type failure, 53, 54f motor vehicle brake fluids, 452, 454f
Hydrogen-induced cracking (HIC), 4 Material failure analysis, water and wastewater
Hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S), 4 systems
conduit age, 223
I cumulative construction materials, 220, 221f
Interdendritic macrocracks, 72, 72f distribution of damages, 223, 224f, 225t
Intergranular stress-corrosion cracking (IGSCC) heterogeneity of solutions, 222
resistance, 401–403 municipal networks, 220
Internal diameter measurements, reformer tube Mazars’ damage model, 96–98
deformation, 80, 82f Mechanical tests, Sicily reformer tube deformation,
Italian CNR-GNDT method, 190–191 78–80
Medical oxygen resuscitation device, valve block
J unit residue of
magnified view, 463–468, 467f
J-R curves
thermal decomposition products, pyrogram of,
conical loading mandrels test, 173–175, 174f
463–468, 467f
semi-cylindrical loading mandrels test, 182–183,
Metallic components failure
183f
analytical techniques, 4
L carbon steel superheater tube, creep fracture of
bent tube areas rupture, 8–11, 9–11f,15
Laboratory testing, 31–32 chemical composition, 6, 6t
Laminar particles wear analysis, 316–321, designed and real process parameters,
317–320f
6, 6t
Large excavators, 244f, 243–245. See also Mining
lifetime influencing factors, 7, 14–15
shovel
metallurgical examination, 4–7, 7–8f
Larson-Miller parameter (LMP), 2, 73–75
welded joints, 11–14, 12–14f
Laser-assisted self-pierce riveting (LSPR)
CO 2 corrosion, 4
cold forming process, 367–368, 367f
contributed factors, 28–29, 28f
FE modeling, 375t, 376, 377–378f
elevated-temperature failures, 2
simulation results, 376–378, 379f, 380t
failure case studies, 28–29, 29t
testing specimens, 372–375, 375–376f, 375t HIC, 4
LaserNet Fines (LNF), 313–314 investigation
Laser Optic Tube Inspection System (LOTIS),
conclusion drawing, 32–33
78, 80, 81–82f
data compilation, 32
LMP. See Larson-Miller parameter (LMP)
field visit, 31
Load-normalization method, 179–180,
laboratory testing, 31–32
182–183
problems understanding, 30
Longitudinal cracks, 71–72, 71–72f
sample selection, 31
Long-term overheating failures. See High-
suggesting remedies, 33
temperature creep failures
reasons of, 26–28
LOTIS. See Laser Optic Tube Inspection System SCC, 2–3
(LOTIS) stainless steel filter grid corrosion failure
LPC method, 211
catastrophic failure mechanisms, 15
chemical composition, 17, 17t
M macroscopic observation, 16f,17
Magnesium alloys, demo-structure failures process flowchart, 15, 16f
material modeling, 368–370, 373f SCC, 17–20, 18–19f,22
material properties, 368, 369f, 370t, 371–372f selective/preferential oxidation, 20–21,
SPR (see Laser-assisted self-pierce riveting 20–21f
(LSPR)) standard filter grid image, 15, 16f