Page 96 - Handbook of Materials Failure Analysis
P. 96
90 CHAPTER 4 Creep damage of high alloyed reformer tubes
[3] Swaminathan J, Guguloth K, Gunjan M, Roy P, Ghosh R. Failure analysis and remaining
life assessment of service exposed primary reformer heater tubes. Eng Fail Anal
2008;15:311–31.
[4] Kumar Ray A, Kumar S, Krishna G, Gunjan M, Goswami B, Bose SC. Microstructural
studies and remnant life assessment of eleven years service exposed reformer tube. Mater
Sci Eng A 2011;529:102–12.
[5] Jaske C. Issues in life assessment of reformer tubes. In: NACE Conference corrosion
2005, Houston, 3–7 April 2005, Anti-corrosion methods and materials, NACE Interna-
tional, Houston TX, 2005.
[6] Tawancy HM. Damage analysis of catalyst tube of a reformer furnace used in hydrogen
production. Metallogr Microstruct Anal 2012;1:199–207.
[7] de Almeida LH, Ribeiro AF, Le May I. Microstructural characterization of modified
25Cr-35Ni centrifugally cast steel furnace tubes. Mater Charact 2003;49:219–29.
[8] da Silveira TL, Le May I. Reformer furnaces: materials, damage mechanisms and assess-
ment. Arab J Sci Eng 2006;31:99–119.
[9] Abdul Wahab A, Kral MV. 3D analysis of creep voids in hydrogen reformer tubes. Mater
Sci Eng A 2005;412:222–9.
[10] Rodriguez J, Haro S, Velasco A, Colas R. A metallographic study of aging in cast heat-
resisting alloy. Mater Charact 2000;45:25–32.
[11] Liu CJ, Chen Y. Variations of the microstructure and mechanical properties of
HP40Nb hydrogen reformer tube with time at elevated temperature. Mater Des
2011;32:2507–12.
[12] Nowak IM, Evans HE, Connolly BJ, Flahaut D, Zhang Z. Origins of tertiary creep in
microalloyed 25Cr–35Ni centrifugally cast alloy tubes. Mater High Temp 2014;31
(3):191–7.
[13] Garbiak M, Piekarski B. Phases in austenitic cast steels. Defect Diffus Forum 2012;326/
328:215–20.
[14] Garbiak M, Jasi nski W, Piekarski B. Materials for reformer furnace tubes. History of
evolution. Arch Foundry Eng 2011;11(2):47–52.
[15] Alvino A, Lega D, Giacobbe F, Mazzocchi V, Rinaldi A. Damage characterization in two
reformer heater tubes after nearly 10 years service at different operative and maintenance
conditions. Eng Fail Anal 2010;17:1526–41.
[16] Nunes FC, de Almeida LH, Dille J, Delplancke JL, Le May J. Microstrucutral changes
caused by yttrium on Nb-Ti-modified centrifugally cast HP-type stainless steels. Mater
Charact 2007;58:132–42.
[17] Wen-Tai H, Honeycombe RWK. Structure of centrifugally cast austenitic stainless
steels. Part 2: effects of Nb, Ti, and Zr. Mater Sci Technol 1985;1:390.
[18] Larson FR, Miller J. A time-temperature relationship for rupture and creep stresses.
Trans ASME 1952;74:765–71.
[19] Shannon B, Jaske C. A comprehensive approach to reformer tube inspection and assess-
ment. NDTnet 2004;9(6):1–12.
[20] Cronite Scomark Engineering LTD Brochure, www.cronitescomark.com.
[21] Shmidt+Clemens Group, Centralloy G 4852 Micro – Material Data Sheet, September
2009, Rev. 02.
[22] Alessio D, Gonzalez G, Pirrone VF, Iurman L, Moro L. Variation of creep properties in
HP steel by influence of temperature. Proc Mater Sci 2012;1:104–9.
[23] Łabanowski J. Non-destructive tests for reformer tubes degradation assessment. Chem
Eng Eq 2000;4–5:14–8.