Page 171 - Handbook of Surface Improvement and Modification

166 The Coefficient of Friction

friction process more complex. The complexity of determination of friction properties of
materials and related wear can be appreciated from the following selection of titles of
ASTM standards developed for testing some materials, as follows
ASTM D3412/D3412M-13 Standard Test Method for Coefficient of Friction, Yarn to
Yarn
ASTM D3108/D3108M-13 Standard Test Method for Coefficient of Friction, Yarn to
Solid Material
ASTM D2534-88(2017) Standard Test Method for Coefficient of Kinetic Friction for
Wax Coatings
ASTM D6205-12 Standard Practice for Calibration of the James Static Coefficient of
Friction Machine
ASTM D4103-17 Standard Practice for Preparation of Substrate Surfaces for Coeffi-
cient of Friction Testing
ASTM E1859/E1859M-11(2015) Standard Test Method for Friction Coefficient
Measurements Between Tire and Pavement Using a Variable Slip Technique
ASTM D5183-05(2016) Standard Test Method for Determination of the Coefficient
of Friction of Lubricants Using the Four-Ball Wear Test Machine
ASTM D2047-11 Standard Test Method for Static Coefficient of Friction of Polish-
Coated Flooring Surfaces as Measured by the James Machine
ASTM D3702-94(2014) Standard Test Method for Wear Rate and Coefficient of
Friction of Materials in Self-Lubricated Rubbing Contact Using a Thrust Washer Testing
Machine
ASTM F2913-17 Standard Test Method for Measuring the Coefficient of Friction for
Evaluation of Slip Performance of Footwear and Test Surfaces/Flooring Using a Whole
Shoe Tester
ASTM G115-10(2013) Standard Guide for Measuring and Reporting Friction Coef-
ficients
ASTM G203-10(2016) Standard Guide for Determining Friction Energy Dissipation
in Reciprocating Tribosystems
ASTM E2883-13 Standard Guide for Evaluation, and Calibration, Continuous Fric-
tion Measurement Equipment (CFME)
ASTM D1894-14 Standard Test Method for Static and Kinetic Coefficients of Fric-
tion of Plastic Film and Sheeting
ASTM D6425-17 Standard Test Method for Measuring Friction and Wear Properties
of Extreme Pressure (EP) Lubricating Oils Using SRV Test Machine
ASTM E2666-09(2014) Standard Practice for Correlations of Mu Values of Continu-
ous Friction Measurement Equipment to Determine Maintenance Levels for Use at Air-
ports
The above list is a small fraction of over 3300 hits in ASTM database of topics
related to the friction coefficient. There many new methods under development or recently
patented. We are not going to analyze this information here but use it merely to point out
that the results of testing are related to the method, selected conditions, a group of materi-
als, equipment use, errors of determination and presentation and many other factors which
are frequently difficult to control.