Page 854 - Industrial Power Engineering and Applications Handbook

24/808 Industrial Power Engineering and Applications Handbook
List of formulae used Optimizing the power transfer through
reactive control
Capacitors for improvement of system regulation
v,z
.
P = - per phase (24.9)
Voltage at no load - Voltage at full load Z, sin e
Regulation =
Voltage at no load V,, = nominal phase voltage
(24.1) Natural loading or surge loading of a line,
V;
Rating of series capacitors Po = - per phase (24.10)
zo
kVAr = 3. If . X, (24.2) (24.11)
and voltage rating = I, . X,.
I, = line current Analysis of radial lines
Xc = capacitive reactance of the series capacitors per Es = V, cos 0, + J Z,, . I, . sin 8, (24.12)
phase
E, = phase voltage at the transmitting end.
Reactive power management V, = phase voltage at the receiving end
0, = line length effect or Ferranti effect at the end of
the line, in degrees
(24.3) I, = load current
Zo = surge impedance of the line
P = power transfer from one end of the line to the
receiving end per phase Analysis of symmetrical lines
= phase voltage at the transmitting end
= phase voltage at the receiving end, in radial lines E, = V,,, . cos e,,, + J Zo . I, . sin 0, (24.1 3)
and midpoint voltage, in symmetrical lines V, = voltage at the midpoint of the line
ZO = surge impedance of the line 0, = line length or Ferranti effect up to the midpoint of
sin 8 = line length effect or Ferranti effect the line
6 = load angle or transmission angle
Further reading
(24.4)
X, = inductive reactance of the whole line length I Central Board of Power and Irrigation, India (Indian National
Committee for Cigre), Electric PoM,er Transmission at voltages
of 1000 kVatid Above, Oct. (1984).
Influence of line length 2 Central Board of Irrigation and Power, India, Static VAr
Compensators, Technical Report No. 41, March (1985).
Velocity of propagation of electromagnetic waves 3 Central Board of Irrigation and Power. India, Workshop on
Series Compensation in Power Systems, Nov. (1986).
(24.5) 4 Central Board of Irrigation and Power, India. Workshop on
Reactive Powercompensation Planning and Design. Dec. ( 1993).
5 Westinghouse Electric Corporation, Elecfricril Trrmsnii.ssioii
Lo and C,, are the line parameters per phase per unit mid Di.stri6utiori. East Pittsburgh. Pennsylvania. USA.
length 6 Engbarg. K. and Ivner. S.. Static VArSystemsfor Voltage Control
During Steady State arid Transieiit Conditions, May 198 I.
ReactivePowerCompensationDepartment. Sweden. May (1981 ),
e= (24.6) 7 Erinmez. LA. (ed.). Static VAr Compensators. Cigre Working
Group 38.01. Task Force No. 2 on SVC (1986).
e= phase shift between the transmitting and receiving- 8 IEEE - Delhi Section, Advance Level Course on Reactii'e Power
end voltages in radians or degrees Coiitrol in Electrical Power Systems, December (1984).
22
n= - or 180"respectively 9 Kundor. P., Power SI'stem Sfability and Corirrol, McGraw-
Hill. NewYork.
7
I= line length in km IO Lakervi, E. and Holmes, E.J.. Electricit?. Distributiori Nehi.orX-
Design, Peter Peregrinus, London.
A= wavelength in km 11 Miller. T.J.E., Reactive Power Control in Electric Sy.srems,
John Wiley, NewYork (1982).
Voltage at the receiving end, when it is open-circuited, 12 Praaad, J. and Ambarani. V.. Static VAr Compensator ,for
E Industries, BHEL, India, 59th R & D Session, Feb (1994).
cos e
E, = I (24.7) 13 Research Station. M.P. Electricity Board. Central Board of
Irrigation and Power, India, Series Capacitor Application to
Line length effect or Ferranti effect Sitb-fraii.srinssior2 system.^ Case Studies. 'I'echnical Keport No.
66. Nov. (1988).
I4 Weeks, W.L.. Eaii.smi,s.sion arid Distribirtioii ojElectrical Energy
e= ?nf.JL,c,.i (24.8) (DrAigri rrsprcts). Harper & Row, New York.