Page 312 - Industrial Process Plant Construction Estimating and Man Hour Analysis

292 Glossary

Piping abbreviations
BOT bottom PL plate
BW butt weld PS pipe support
CtoC center to center PWHT post weld heat treatment
COL column RF raised face
CONN connection SB small bore pipe
CS carbon steel SCD screwed
CV control valve SCH schedule
DIA diameter SMLS seamless
EL elevation SOL slip on
ELO elbolet SOL sockolet
FAB fabrication SS stainless steel
FF flat face STD standard
FLG flange STM steam
FT feet STR straight
FW field weld SUPPT support
ID inside diameter SW socket weld
IN inch TOL threadolet
ISO isometric TOS top of steel or support
LB large bore pipe TYP typical
LG long VA valve
LOL latrolet VERT vertical
MATL material WN weld neck
No number WOL weldolet
NOM nominal WT wall thickness
OD outside diameter XS extra strong
Olet branch connection XXs double extra strong

Labor factors

Dilution of supervision This occurs when supervision is diverted from productive, planned,
and schedules work to analyze and plan contract changes, expedite delayed material, man-
age added crews, or other changes not in the original work scope and schedule. Dilution is
also caused by an increase in manpower, work area, or project size without an increase in
supervision.
Errors and omissions Increases in errors and omissions impact on labor productivity
because changes are then usually performed on a crash basis, out of sequence, cause dilu-
tion of supervision, or any other negative impacts.
Fatigue Fatigue can be caused by prolonged or unusual exertion.
Joint occupancy This occurs when work is scheduled utilizing the same facility or work area
that must be shared or occupied by more than one craft and not anticipated in the original
bid or plan.
Learning curve When crew turnover causes new workers to be added to a crew or additional
manpower is needed within a crew, a period of orientation occurs in order to become
familiar with changed conditions. They must then learn work scope, tool locations, work
procedures, and so on.