Page 313 - Industrial Process Plant Construction Estimating and Man Hour Analysis

Glossary 293

Morale and attitude Sprit of workers based on willingness, confidence, discipline, and
cheerfulness to perform work or task can be lowered due to a variety of issues, including
increased conflicts, disputes, excessive hazards, overtime, overinspection, multiple con-
tract changes, disruption of work, rhythm, poor site conditions, absenteeism, and unkempt
work space.
Overtime Scheduling of extended work days or weeks exceeding a standard 8 hour work day
or 40 hour. Work week lowers work output and efficiency, physical fatigue, and poor
mental attitude.
Reassignment of manpower When workers are reassigned, they experience unexpected or
excessive changes, losses caused by move-on or move-off, reorientation, and other issues
that result in a loss of productivity.
Ripple This is caused when changes in other trades’ work then affect other works, such as the
alteration of schedule.
Stacking of trades This occurs when operations take place within physically limited space
with other contractors resulting in congestion of personnel, inability to use or locate tools
conveniently, increased loss of tools, additional safety hazards, increased visitors, and
prevention of crew size optimum.
Weather/season changes Performing work in a change of season. Temperature zone or cli-
mate change resulting in work performed in either very hot or very cold weather, rain or
snow, or there are changes in temperature or climate that can impact workers beyond nor-
mal conditions.